THUCIAM THAK HUN LAI LEITUNG A HUAMPI A ETNA

Agelh ~ Lian Muan Kham Suante

THUPATNA

 BC 63 pawl a kipanin Rom kumpi hong khangin, Palestine gam zong uk ding hong kipan hi. Tua zawh a sawtlo BC 37 pawla kipanin, Palestine gam a om Judahte pen Rom kumpi-in Herod innkuan khut-ah koih hi. Tua mah bangin Rom kumpi in ama tang a uk dingin gamkhen​​ (province)​​ tuamtuam-ah Governor zah a lian leh thunei uksawn ding mi Procurator/Proconsul a kici koih tek hi. Amaute in a uk gamkhen ciat uh hoih tak a,​​ kal a suan theihna dingin mapang ciat uh hi. Judah gam a uksawn kumpi Herod in a nasep hoihna hangin, Rom kumpi-in panin amah ahuh dingin galkap a kipiak cih simloh, gamkhen a uksawn dangte kiangah galkap kipia lo hi. Thuciam Thak hun lai-in Rom kumpi gam sungah ngeina​​ (culture)​​ leh pau tawh kisai-in Grik kizui zaw ahih manin, a ukna gam pen​​ “Graeco-Roman”​​ zong kici hi. Rom kumpi ukna nuaia mite dinmun leh nuntakzia pawlkhat a tomno in gen ding hi hang. Hih pen Thuciam Thak hun lai a mite nuntakzia zong hipah hi.

1. GAMSUNG KI-UKZIA TAWH KISAI​​ (POLITICAL CONDITION)

(a) Gamsungah Muanna Om​​ (Pax Romana): Lamdung tenga khualzin mite a suam, buaina a bawl migilote leh gutate pen Rom kumpi ukna sungah muh ding om nawnlo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Rom galkapte in lampi dung tengah cing uh hi.  Kiphaktuahna lampi pen nuam mahmahin,​​ “Lampi khempeuhin Rom khuapi tawn hi” (All roads lead to Rome)​​ kici liang hi. Gam kiu khat panin kiu khat dong pen lampi nuamtakin kisial ahih manin, gamsungah buaina a om ciangin, a vengsak dingin Rom galkapte in buaina munte manlang takin phatuah mengmeng thei uh hi.

 Tua mah bangin, teembaw tawh tuipi tung a khualzin mite ading a haksatna a bawl leh van a suam mite​​ (pirates)​​ khempeuh zong Rom kumpi-in vengsak khin hi. Tua ahih manin kumpi Kaisar Augustus-in​​ (27 BC – AD 14), “Tuipi tunga migilote vengsak khin kahih manin, tuipi tung zong khamuang mahmah hi”​​ ci-in gen hi. Tua bangin leitung leh tuitung khualzinna-ah haksatna om loin lungmuang takin mite khualzin thei uh ahih manin,​​ “Rom kumpi gamsungah muanna om hi,”​​ kici thei hi. Hih tawh kizui-in, Kaisar Augustus uk hun sung pen Pax Romana (muanna om hun)​​ ci-in zong kiciamteh hi.

(b) Pautang​​ (Lingua Franca): Hih pen culture​​ (ngeina)​​ tawh kisai himah leh, gen veve mai ni. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Rom kumpi ukna gam sungah pautaang​​ (common language)​​ dingin Grik kizang hi. Mi khatin ama pau​​ (mother tongue)​​ banah, Grik pau (koine Greek) zong thei ahih manin, pau namnih zang​​ (bilingual)​​ suak piantek uh hi. Ahi zongin, Grik pau bek tawh zong Rom kumpi ukna gam sung-ah kita thei lel hi. 

(c) Kithuzakna​​ (Postal Service): Lampi leh kiphaktuahna nuam mahmah ahih manin, kithuzakna zong oltuam mahmah hi. Laikhak khat peuhpeuh pen munkhat panin mundang khat, a sawt loin tung pah ziauziau thei hi.

(d) Palestine-a Om Judahte: Rom kumpi pen vaihawm siam mahmahin, ama tang a uk dingin uksawn koihtek hi. Tua mah bangin, Palestine-a om Judahte pen Herod in ukin, ama gamsungah zong haksatna om lo hi. Judahte ngeina pawlkhat bang kepcing sak zawsop hi.

• Jerusalem biakinn adinga kipia siah​​ (temple tax)​​ pen a​​ ‘siangtho’​​ in ngaihsunin, kepcing sak hi. Tua banah biakpiakna a kipia suangmanpha leh sumngote zong mun dangah khakkhiat ding phalsak hi.

• Moses Thukham kigelhna laizial zong kepcing sak​​ (protected)​​ hi. Gentail mi khat peuhin biakinn a zat ding a kipia sumpi leh van hi-in, Thukham laizial hita leh a guk peuhmah leh thukhenna om ding hi. Tua mipa pen a neih le lam nangawn kilaksak​​ (confiscate)​​ thei hi.

• Judahte Sabbath ni zong kiseh sakin, hih ni-in Judah mi thukhenna zum​​ (Court)-ah kisam ngeilo hi.

• Judah mite pen khuasung khantohna ding a sum kaihkhopna tuamtuam leh Rom galkap sunga kihel teiteina ding lak panin kitheisiam hi.

            Tua ahih manin, Palestine gama om Judahte in zong Rom kumpi theihpihna leh kepna banah, gamsung muanna pen ciamkha uh hi.

2. SUM LE PAI DINMUN​​ (SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION)

 Galkap thuneihna tawh gamsung kivaipua ahih manin, makai a semte pen hau mahmahin, mipite pen zawng mahmah uh hi. Mizawngte in lokho in nektawm zongin, ahi zongin a sepsa uh a tamzaw pen mihaute khutsung mah tungkik veve hi. Tua ahih manin, mihaute adingin a sepsak uh tawh kibang hi. Bek tham loin, gamsung a piang​​ mehteh-mehgahte panin mihaute in siah kaikhawm in, a zahnih a zahthum a lak hun uh zong om hi. Tua ahih manin, mizawngte tanh​​ (share)​​ pen tawmlua in, a neilo bang phial​​ ahi uh hi. 

            Palestine-a om Judahte lakah zong Rom kumpi-in hih a nuaia bangin siah kaikhawm hi.

• Mundang teng mah bangin, gamsung khai piang, gan zuakna sum leh gamdang pana vanlakna mante panin siah kikaikhawm hi. Mi nautangte nasepna pana kingah sum panin zong siah kikaikhawm lai hi. G. E. Lenski-in Palestine gamsung a khai piang a tamzaw (60-65%) pen a gamsung mihau tawmcikte (5%) in kihawmin, khai piang dang (30-35%) pen a gamsung mipi tamzawte (95%) in kihawm uh ahih manin, mihaute leh mizawngte kikal pen kigamla mahmah hi, ci-in gen hi. Warren Carter-in zong Rom kumpi gam sungah mi nautang​​ (middle class)​​ om loin, a hau leh a zawng bek om hi, ci-in gen hi. Mizawngte in tuikhan hun​​ (floods)​​ leh khuakhal hun​​ (drought)​​ ciangin thuak diak uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, amaute in mihaute kiang panin nekding banah sum le pai leitawi-in, tua a leitawi​​ (loan)​​ sum le paite uh panin a met tampi pungin​​ (khatveivei ciangin 300% bang pung thei hi)​​ loh kik uh hi.

• Judah pasal khempeuhin kum simin Shekel lang (½) Jerusalem biakinn huhna dingin pia uh hi. Tua banah, Jerusalem biakinn​​ pi puahna dingin kumpi Herod in siah tampipi kaikhawm lai hi. Hih teng banah, sepna pana kingah​​ mehteh-mehgah lak panin Siampite adingin sawm-a-khat​​ (tithe)​​ zong kipia lai hi. 

• Gamsung mipi a khanhat tawh tehin, a gamsung khai piang pen khanglo ahih manin, mi nautangte adingin nuntak baihlo hi.

3. BIAKNA DINMUN​​ (RELIGIOUS CONDITION)

 Gamsungah muanna omin, dan​​ (law)​​ khauhtakin a kizat hangin; mipite nuntakzia​​ (moral life)​​ pen sia mahmah hi​​ (cf. Rom. 1:1ff.).​​ Biakna khat peuhin Rom kumpi a buaisak keinak leh, amaute in amau pasian tek mah bia in, biakpiakna hoihtak nei thei lel uh hi. Ahi zongin, a langkhat lamah amaute in Rom kumpipa pen pasian zaha a et ding uh kisam leuleu hi.

            Palestine-a om Judah mite adingin Jerusalem pen a biakna munpi uh ahi hi. Siampite pen kumpi seh​​ (political appointment)​​ ahih manin, amaute in kumpi lungkimsakna ding ciang bek tawh nasem uh hi. Tua ahih manin, biakinn-ah nisimin pai​​ loin, Sabbath ni leh ni thupi diakte bekah pai uh hi.

 Tua banah, Judah mite pen kithoihna leh zekh tuamtuam tawh buai lua uh ahih manin, Pasian in thumanna tawh vai a hawm hun ding ngakin mipite om uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, amaute in puatham biakpiakna lel tawh lungkimna leh khamuanna neizo nawn loin, a lamet uh Messiah hong kilat hun ding ngaklah mahmah uh hi. Ahi zongin, Messiah hong kilat tak ciangin, amaute in phawkin neikha nawnlo zel uh hi.

THUKHUPNA

 A tunga kigente pen a huampi leh tomkim taka etna hi in, a kicingzaw in en ding cilehang laidal tampi kisam ding ahih manin, hunsak phot ding hi hang. Hun hoih a om leh, Thuciam Thak sunga laibu/laikhak omte hun lai tangthute a tuama ettelna kinei lai ding hi. Matthai, Marka, Luka, Johan, Sawltak, etc. hunlai leitung, cih bangin.