MARCO POLO
(1254 – 1324 AD)
Mi thum, hici et leng gamla pi pek pan aa hong pai cih akithei pah lian te in, Venice khuapi sung ah hong lut uhhi. Mihau veng ahi St John Chrysostome acih namun lam manawh in hong paipai uh aa, inn gol mahmah innmai ah hong ding uh hi. Kongkhakpi hong ki hong in, tua zin hong tung te lak ah a uham pen pa in “A tawptawp ciang, inn hong tung thei ta sam ungh ei” ci hi.
Hih inn golpi sung aa omteng khempeuh hong taikhawm ngeingai uh aa, hih zinteng thum pen lamdangsa in hong en ngeingai uhhi. A puansilh te uh pan in Venice khuasung mi ahih loh lam kithei in lamdang pha diak uhhi. Tuaban ah apuante uh lui thei mahmahin om nenghnangh hi. “Kua te ahia?” acih uh leh mi khual hong tung te in “Ka min pen Polo ahi hi, nisuah na lamgam pan in hong pai hi ungh” ci in dawngkik hi. Hih inn golpi sung aa omte in thu hong ngaihsun uhhi. Zingkhawng lai in unau nih Nicolo leh Maffeo Polo te, Nicolo’ tapa Marco te pen theihngei loh nagam ahi CATHAY mun ah pai uhhi cih thu hong thei uhhi. Ahih hangin tuapen kum (24) bang valkhin ta hi. Si khin gaimang ding uh hi cih pen ummawh ngiat uhhi.
Hih zinte in zong kumtampi laipek pan aa, azinkhiat na thu hoihtak in atelgen takciang in, a innkuan pih te in um theipan uhhi. Tuazawh asawtlo in Polo te in a innkuan pih u leh nau teng leh alawm agualteng, samkhawm in an kuang umkhop na khat bawl uhhi. A thum un Satin puantualpi sandup silh uhhi. A mi sap teng tukhin gaita ei acihciang un apuantualpi sandup asilh uh pen hong suahkhia in, puantualpi san zetzat deihna nei mahmah khat hong silh leuleu uhhi. A puan tualpi suahte uh pen nasemte silh dingin phelhawmsak gaimang uhhi. An neklai tak in Polo te hong dingkhia in a misap te nusia in hong pai khia uh aa, velvet puantualpi san athupi mahmah hongsilh leuleu uhhi. A puantualpi a suahkhiat uh te pen a nasem te hong pia leuleuh hi. An akham khit uh ciang in velvet puantualpi pen puan mawkmawk tawh hong laih leuleu uhhi.
Tua khit ciangin ami sapte uh a hauhna lakkhia uhhi. A lawmte leh akhuapih tuipih te in, Polo te puanhoihlo ahi nengnangh tawh hong ciah uh hi napi ahauhna a muh uhciang in lamdang sa thei mahmah uhhi. A vanneih te uh amuh sak uhciang in Venice khuapi sung aa mihau te na ngawn inzong ahauhna lamdang sa thei mahmah uhhi.
Bang ai hia a lah? Marco Polo in a puan silh asia ningnengh pen va la khia hi. Gamla pi pek pan aa, hamsatna tuamtuam akantan pihna puan hi mawk ahih manin, puang phengphang liang in om nenghnangh hi. Tuakhit ciangin apuan khuina uh hong phel khia uh hi. Suangman pha nam tuamtuam, atam man mahmah honpi khat hong bungkhia uh aa, asuangman phate pen tee ziahziah bek hi. Venice khuapi pen sumbawl na munthupi, sumbawl mihau tampitak a om na mun zong ahi hi. Polo innkuan bangliang aa mihau pen om lo phial ding hi.
Tuabek hi lo, gamla pitak aa akhualzin na tangthu agenkhiat te pen, mite in lamdang sa in alungsim uh su khathei mahmah hi. Hih hun lai aa mipi te in leitung gam thu atheih uhpen Europe bek hi lel in, tuaban ah gam aomlai te pen thei ban kha lo uhhi. Khan ukpi pa Kublai’ tangthu leh Cathay Ukpi gam athupit na agente pen mite ading in zaknop mahmah khat cing hi.
Polo innkuan te thugen pen asawtlo khatsung in hong ki zelkhia pah hi. Marco in nuamsa mahmah in Sengam tangthu leh ahauhna thu pen genden hi. A thugen ahi, agam lat dan te, mimal atam dan te, Mongolian ukpi gam tangthu agenpen atulsawm zalom bang aa, genkikkik denkeei ahih manin mite in Pu Marco tulsawmza lawm pa ci in min phuahsak liang uhhi.
Marco Polo’ pa Nicolo leh a Pano Maffeo te pen Sen gam ah apaima pekun Middle East ciang dong sumbawl in khualzin ngei uhhi. Venice khuapi sung aa tengte in zong ahauh nate, ahangsan nate, apil dan te theikhin uhhi. Min dai cihbang neingei lo uhhi.
Marco Polo pen inn ah om aa, banglo teng hiam khawngtawh ahunbeisak theidan hi lo hi. A khualzin na pan hong ciahzawh kum (3) acinkhit ciang in Venice leh Genoa hong kido uhhi. Hih kido na ah Marco zong hong kihel in ama gunkuang galkap te hong makaih hi. Venice gunkuang pawlte tawh Curzola tuipi lam hong manawh uhhi. Geno pawl in na zo aa, Marco Polo zong thonginn sung ah ki khum hi. A thongkiat pihte lak ah laigelh mi azahtak huai mahmah, Pisa minam, Rustiniano zong kihel kha citciat hi. Marco Polo te khualzin na tawhkisai tangthu leh ana tuahkhak na lamdang tuamtuam te tangthu gelhsak hi. Hih atangthu gelhna laibu hangin atheihngei loh na gam, nisuahna lam gam ah Polo te innkuan akhualzin na tangthu pen leitung in theihlawh tuam pah hi. Bangtangthu teng hipeuh mah hiam? En sin dih ni e.
Kum AD 1260 kum hong tun ciangin, Marco Polo kum (6) bek phapan hi. Tualai hun in Nicolo leh Maffeo te pen Constantinople ah sumzong khawm uhhi. Nisuahna gamlam ah khualzin dingin hong kithawikhia uh aa, Cremea mun ah pai in, nisuahna lam gam la pitak, Bokhar mun hong tung uhhi. Bokhar mun ah nisuahna lam gam ukpi mithupi Kublai Khan pen Mongolian ukpi gam zaipitak, Sen gampan in Europe gamdong ukpi pa ukna gamsung ah akihel ahi hi. Kublai Khan’ sawltak te tawh Khan ukpi om na munthupi, akhuapi mun lam zuanin hong pai uhhi.
Ukpi pa in mikang te mu ngeilo ahih manin Nicolo leh Maffeo amuh pen lungdam mahmah hi. A ciahkik takuh ciang in Pope kiang ah laikhak khat puasak uhhi. Tua lai a puaksak pen Khristian biakna leh siamna tuamtuam asinsak ding mi (100) khat ama Ukpi gamsung ah asawl nading ngetna lai ahi hi.
Cidam tak in 1260 kum in hong ciah kik uh aa, Acre mun hong tung uh aa, ahih hangin tua hun lai in Clement IV si in, Pope dang kiteelnai lo ahih manin Venice khuapi ah hong ciahsuak phot uhhi.
Kum (2) sung angak khit na ngawn in zong Pope thak kiteel nailo lai ahih manin kum 1271 takciang in nisuahna lam ah khualzin dingin hong ki thawikhia kik ta mai uhhi. Tutung tak ciangin Nicolo tapa kum(17) acingkhin Marco hong tonpih uhhi. Palestin hong tung uh aa, Pope sawltak Teobaldo in Khublai Khan kiang ah laikhak ding khat puasak in, hong pia khia uhhi. Ahih hangin asawtlo in Pope thak kiteel cih thu hong zaktakciang in, Acre ah hong ki leh kik uh hi. A lawmpa Taebaldo pen Pope thak dingin teelcing hong hi ta in, a Pope min ding in Gregory X min kipuasak hi. Gregory X in gammial nasem (missionary) mi (100) khat puak lo (paisak) lo in Dominican missionary mi (2) bek puak(paisak) hi.
Ahih hangin hih gammial nasem mi (2) te in khualzin lampi agamlat dan leh galkido nalak khawng, nawk akul nading hangin hong lungkia in hong khawlkik uhhi. A nget na Pope in lawhcin sak lo ahih manin Mongo ukpi pa in milim biakna ahi Buddhist biakna zui tamai hi. Hihpen Khristian te ading in supna lian mahmah khat ahi hi.
Polo te unau ahih leh avaipuak(tavuan) te azawhkhit ciang in Hormuz mun ah pai uh aa, Persian Gulf tuipi pan in Sen gam lam manawh hong sawm uhhi. Ahih hangin tuipi lam tawn in paiding sangin mualtung lam tawn in paiding hong teelkik zaw leuleu uhhi Persia gam ah lutin Kerman ah pai uh aa, Tartary (tun bel Afghanistan akici pen) ah hong lut uhhi. Balkha mun ah tawlnga in, nisuahna lam Badakshan ah hong lut uh aa, Wakhan kantan in upper Oxus hong lut zel uh aa, Pamir Plateu ah hong tung uhhi.
Marco Polo laibu pan in Europe gammi te in Pamir mualpi cih minpen, akhatvei zaakna uh ahi hi. Pamir mualsangpi kantan theihna dingin haksatna namtuamtuam nawk kul ngeingei khading hi. Hihhang in Polo te innkuan’ thupit na leh ahangsan dan uh kilangsak khia mahmah hi. Kum 1838 kum hong tun takciang in Lt.John Wood leh apawlte gamvak ding aa apai pen, Polo te innkuan khitciang aa Europe minam, Pamir mualsangpi akantan te uh ahi hi.
Pamir mual pan in leitaw lam mualdung zui in hong pai zel uh aa, Kashgar leh Yarkand munte hongkan tan in Khotan mun hong tung uhhi. Khotan pan in leilulam hong ma nawh in, hong pai kik aa Lob Nor mun hong tung uhhi. Nitumna lam aa aom mite lakpan in Lob Nor mun ah apai kik masa pen ahi Russia minam, Prjevalsky hi in, kum 1871 kum in Lob Nor mun vamu thei pan bek hi.
Tuakhit takciang in, azaimahmah Gobi sehnel gam kantan uhhi. Hih sehnel zaang gam pen, lungkihual leh hangsan mahmah lopi in kantan ngamding hi lo hi.
Marco Polo in alaibu sungah hibang in na gelh hi:-
“Sumbawl te in, sehnel gam akantan nop leh akisam ding nakhempeuh kiginkholh kul hi. Nek ding akisap takciang in Kalaoh (camel) te go in asa ki ne mai hi. Sehnelgam kantan zawhna ding in Kalaoh (camel) kizangtheipen in, van gik puathei in, an tawmcikbek ane zong in thuakdo zo mahmah hi.
Sehnel gamsung ah gamsa tuamtuam leh vasa nangawn muh ding omvet lohi. Khualzin mite asusia nuam leh khem aa-apaipih mang gawpnuam Sikha (dawi) gilo tampitak teeng(om) hi. Khualzin te pen lomkhat in, kinaih theipenpen in pai uh aa, a zat Kalaoh (camel) te long(bell) awksak den uhhi. Midang khualzin mi a om khak leh ci in amau nung azuih theihna ding un alampai na uh pen, ciaptehna bawlzel uhhi” ci in gelh hi.
Hunsawtpi tak sung hong sawt khit uh ciang, Polo innkuan te zong Sengam saklam mualtung gam hong tung ta uh hi. Kum (3) leh alang val tak, khualhong zin khittak ciang in, 1275 kum in Shangtu hong tung theita uhhi. Shangtu pen ukpi thupi, Kublai Khan Ukpi pa’ khaalsung atawlngak na mun aa, azat khuapi ahi hi.
Ukpi pa Kublai Khan in Polo te innkuan pen lungdam maipaak tak in na dawn hi. Polo te in zong Pope laikhak leh sathau siangtho apuak uh hong pia uhhi. Ukpi pa Kublai Khan in, a tapa Marco amuhtak ciang in “Hih kua ai hia?” ci in dongh hi. Nicolo in, “Ka Pu aw, hih pen ka tapa, na nasempa ahihi” ci in dawngkik hi. Ukpi pa in, “amah zong ka muak hi” ci in gen hi.
Ukpi pa in a lengna te zinmuak na leh pahtawi na ding in pawi thupi khat bawlsak hi. Tuakhit ciang in ukpi pa kiang ah hong om ta uhhi. Hih munthak ahpen Marco zong lungdam in nuamsa mahmah hi. Kampau zong siambaih pah bilbel in, kumpi nasep zong hong ngahpah hi. Hunsawt lo sung in, Ukpi sawltak nasem ding in nasep kikoih hi. Mun tuamtuam ah khual hong zinkawikawi hi.
Marco Polo pen anaupan lai mahmah hangin, citak mahmah in na angaihsun tentan mi hi aa, Ukpi sawltak muanhuai mahmah khat ahi hi. A na muh khiat a thumuh khiat te hangin lungdam thei mahmah in, lai ah gelh in ciamteh den hi. Ukpi pa inn ah hong ciah ciangin ukpi pa kiang ah akhualzin na thutawh kisai hilh(report) den hi. Ukpi pa in zong athu gente zaknop sa theimahmah hi. A sawt lo in makai dinmun ah nasep kikhan to hi.
Makai pi asepkhit ciang in zong Shansi, Shensi, Szechuan, Tibet mun te ah khual zong zin hi. Yunan leh Kawlgam tawh kigam gitna munciang dong ah khualzin hi. Ukpi pa Kublai Khan in nasep lian tuamtuam pia zel in, atawp na ciang in Yangehow Governor ding in vaipuak (tavuan) pia ta hi. Kum (3) sung hih nasep asepkhit takciang in Ukpi pa tangmi (palai)ding in gam lapipi ah khualzin kawikawi den hi. Nisuah nalam aa om Kangchow ah pai in, Gobi zaanggam kantan in Kara Korum ah pai in, Cochin Sen te, India leitaw lam tuipi ciangdong ah khualzin kawikawi hi. Marco pen gamla pipi ah akhualzin ma in, a pa leh apano in setna tuamtuam bawl nasep sem uh hi. Gal ki do na ah ahuh pen uh ahi hi.
Tun ahih leh Polo te innkuan pen hau mahmah ta uh aa, ahih hangin a gamlam ah ciahkik ding hong lunggulh mahmah ta uhhi. Tuatak ciangin, amau adeihsak leh a it mahmah Ukpi pa zong hong teek mahmah ta hi. Ukpi dang hong om tak ciang in adeihsak ding leh a it ding om nawnkei kha in teh cihzong hong lau thawng mahmah uhhi. Tua ban ah, Venice khuapi tunkik theih na ding in, lamzin(kongzing) gamla lua mahmah hi. Ahih hangin Ukpi puteek pa in aciahding uh pen phalvet lo aa, hih gamsung ah kum(17)sung hong teng ta uhhi.
A tawpna takciang in aciah theihna ding hunhoih hong tung citciat hi. Kum 1286 in Persia Ukpi pa ahi Arghun’ zi hong si hi. Arghun’ Zi pen Ukpi pa Kublai Khan’ nau nu ahi hi. Tua Ukpi nu asih kuan in apasal kiang ah, Mongolian minam, ama ninam te bekmah zi aa alak kik na ding ngen hi. Tua hangin Persia Ukpi sawltak (palai) mi thum Peking ah hong pai uhhi. (Marco ii gen dan ahih leh Khan Ukpi pa’ ten na mun khuapi ki um na kulh baangpi li nei in, kulh baangpi khat ciang in tai(6) tan sau hi. Kongpi (12) ta om in, kongpi khat pen mi(1000) khat ta in cing uh aa, gal lehsa alau man aa acinsak hi lo in a Ukpi pa uh athupit na leh azahtak na hang aa acin bek uh ahi hi.) Persian Ukpi sawltak (palai) te in, hong pai na ahang uh ukpi pa kiang ah hong genkhia uh hi. Nungak kum(17) apha khat ahi Kukachin pen Persia Ukpi pa’ Zi ding in teelkhia uh hi. Tua khitciang in Persia ah kileh kik ding in hong ki thawi khia uhhi.
Ukpi pa inn sung ah aomsung un Polo te innkuan tawh kimel theih in ki mai ngap man uh hi. Polo te innkuan pen khualzin mi, kithutuak mahmah leh thuthei mahmah uh ahih man un amautawh tonkhawm aa aciah ding uh Ukpi pa kiang ah hong ngen uhhi.
Khuamual lam (leilam) tawn aa aciahding uh pen lungmuan omsa phalo ahih man in, tuipi tungtawn aa, aciah ding uh hoihsa in hong ki thawikhia uhhi. Kublai Khan in ciahding aa-azin khia ding te pen hoihtak in vanpua sak hi. Polo te innkuan pen, suangmanpha tampi tak ban ah ki it na lahna khaugui zong pia khia hi. Tuaban ah Pope, France ukpi, Spain Ukpi leh England Ukpi te kiang ah piak ding laikhak zong puasak hi. Kum 1292 takciang in Fukien mun ah Amoy gunkuang khawlna munpi pan in, gunkuang alian (14) tawh hong dingkhia uhhi. Gunkuang khat tung ah gunkuang nasem mi(200) ta om uhhi.
Kha (3) khit takciang in Java hong tung uh aa, tuipi tung ah huihpi anun na hang in Sumatra zaanggam ah kha (5) sung tam uh aa, Ceylon (tun ah Shri Lanka) sehnel gam sung ah hunsawtpi taksung hong tawlnga leuleu uhhi. Kum (2) khitciang in Tabriz hong tung pan uhhi.
A khualzin na lamlak ah sawltak (palai) minih in sihsan hi. A nungak tonpih ahi Kukachin leh Polo te pen innkuan khatbang in ki it ki ngai man uhhi. Persia atun uh tak ciang in Ukpi Arghun Khan pen na si khin ta hi. A sanggam pa pen ukpi tutna ah na tu khinta in, tua ukpi thak pa’tapa Ghazan leh Kukachin te hong ki teeng ta mai uhhi.
Hih khit ciang in Polo te innkuan pen, agam lam manawh in hong zin khia leuleu uh hi. Tabriz pan in Trebizond hong tung uh aa, Constantinople hong pai kik in, tuapan in Venice khuapi sung ah hong lut ta uhhi.
Atung aa a kigen khia te pen akhualzin na tangthu, Marco Polo in, Pisa minam ahi Rusticiano agelhsak laibu sung pan in atom aa aki gelhkhia ahi hi. Kum 1299 takciang in Marco Polo pen thongsung pan in hong suak ta khia hi. Zi nei in, a Zi min pen Donata ahi hi. A Zi tawh tanu thum nei in, tua ata nu te minpen Fantina, Bellela leh Moreta te ahihi.
Marco Polo pen kum(70)bang aa u ham hong hi ta in, January 9, 1324 kum takciangin siampi te leh thukhun (law) misiam te sam in, thuvaikhak na nei hi. Tua athu vaikhak na pen Asia gampan aa atonpih Tartar sila pa suahtak na pia hi. Tua ni mah in amah anuntakna bei ta hi.
Marco Polo’laibu ahi Il Million pen laibugelh na setvan akibawlma pek aa kigelh khia ahi hi. Laibu minthang leh alamdang khat ahih manin mitampi tak in teisawn in, gelhkhia zel uhhi. Kampau nam tampitak tawh kilet khia hi. A gelhkhia (ateikhia) te leh kampau dang tawh alet khia te in adeihdeih un phuaktawm in, a deihdeihna mun phiatkhia(paikhia) uhhi. Tua hang in akibatloh na mun tampitak om in, akipat cil aa Rusticianno’ gelh lianpen ahih leh muhding om nawnlo hi. Tua hangin akibanglo nam(140) valbang om hi ci uhhi. Tuaban ah Marco mahmah inzong kum (20) sung in bangzah dinghiam khat behlap hi ding in ki um mawh hi.
Bangbang ahi zongin, Marco Polo te innkuan khualzin na tawhkisai atangthu zaknop mahmah thu in, Europe gamsung aa atengte’ lungsim khanglo sak in, a thungaihsut na uh tangzai sak in, gamla pipi khualzin nopna lungsim neisak tuam hi. Nisuahna lam gamte tawh sumbawl nasep khopna zong hong piang khia sak pah hi. Gam tuamtuam ah khual a zin kawikawi mithupi te tangthu bu, khat pen Colombus in zong nei aa, Colombus’ laibu sung ah Il Millioni zong kihel hi. Colombus in zong hih laibu phen mun pian hi ding hi ven, a laibu phen na khutma gepliang ci uhhi.
