SOCRATES
(BC 469 – 399)
Agelh ~ Timothy Simon Pau
Socrates (Sawkreti) pen BC 469 kum in Greek gam khuapi khat ahi Atheni (Athen) acihna munah piang hi. Hih hunlai in Greek gampen mipi’ teel palai (tangmi) te in, gam kumpi semden uhhi. Khuapi khat gamkhat dan hi in amau leh amau aki uk ziau (independent) hi gaimang uh aa, suakta thei mahmah uhhi. Athen khuapi pen Greek ukpi gamsung khempeuh ah alian pen leh athupi pen khat ahi hi.
Socrates’ pa pen milim bawl hi in, Socrates in zong apa nasep hongsem hi. Socrates pen aneu lingleng, aci vom, a naklian bilbel khat, amit alian simthamkhat hi in, hici et leng azahpih huai khiapha mahmah ding khat hi. Ahih hangin Socrates pen mipil (philosopher) thupi mahmah, leitung ah aminthang, mi’thupitsak khat hong hi hi. (Mihing nuntak khuasak dan tawh kisai, asinkhia mipil pen Philosopher ki ci hi. Tua ahih manin Philosopher ci in mangkam in hong gelh mai ning.) Athen khuapi sung aa om milian (mithupi) te lak ah zong, amah pen kithupisak pha deuh in ka um hi. Laibu gelhkhiat nei lo aa, ahih hangin mite kiang ah thu tampi tak gen hi, mite in thu maan leh nuntakna hoih tawh anun taak theihna ding un, thudot na tuamtuam hong nei den hi. Socrates’ thuhilh na thupi leh thuhoih mahmah te pen Plato leh Xenophon te in tampi tak hong gelh khia uh ahih manin khangthak tuailai te in zong Socrates’ min kitheih lawh hi. Plato pen philosopher thupi leh thungaihsut theihna tawhkisai, a geel khiapa hi in, ama thu leh la te tuni dong in laisinna sang thupi te ah kisinsak den hi. Tuaban ah Xenophon zong thuthak kaikhawm in agelh mi, mi thupi mahmah khat ahi hi. A nih tuak un Socrates ii sangnaupang (nungzui) te ahi uhhi.
Plato’ laibu gelh khat ahi “Kiho na” laibu hang in Socrates’ thugen pawlkhat te, thu maan thutak atheih nading aa a thudot nate, a thu nial khelnono te, na tuamtuam pan in a ngaihsut dan te, sihna leh nuntakna tawh kisai a ngaihsut dan te leh Socrates’ thupit danzia leitung in hong theih lawh uhhi.
Greek pawl pen leitung ah mipil masa pen te hi uh aa, mipi ukna (democracy) tawh gamuk na a zang masa pen zong ahi uhhi. Ki do cih zong tam khollo hi. Socrates zong galkap hong tum in galkido na sung ah ahansan dan pen genkhop khat cing hi. Potida kido nate, Delium leh Amphipolis kido nate ah hangsan tak in ma hong la ngei hi.
Galkap a tumna pan hong khawl khit teh a nasep pipen in thuhilh leh nasep nengneng sem cih dan hipen hi. A thugen dan pen lamdang phadeuh in, a dam sung ngiat mah in leitung ah mipil pen hong himan hi.
Socrates pen zingsang lol in, Athen khuapi sung lamdung teng ah vaak kawikawi den hi. Khualum lai hi taleh khuadam lai hi ta leh puantungsilh silh ngeilo hi. Khedap bulh se lo in khetang guaktawh paiden aa, hih cih et pakleng zong mi zawng mahmah hi cih kitheipah lel hi. A ngim atup leh a nasep thupi (mission)pen mite’ lungsim leh a ngaihsut na uh bawlphat kik ding ahih manin, thuakna lianpi tawh hangsan mahmah hi. Antiphon in “A mah bang aa genthei leh cimawh in sal (slave) te bawlleng zong taimang nuam liang un teh” ci hi.
Socrates in Athen khuapi pan in khatvei beek zong zinkhia ngeilo hi. Lamziik pi gei khawng ah, vanzuak na sai (shop) khawng ah, amuh nop tuamtuam kilahna mun khawng ah paiden hi. Hih mun khawng ah thugen in om niloh den hi. Mizawng leh mihau khentuam neilo in, mi’ thudot na khempeuh a dawnkik theih na ding hanciam den hi.
Thu kikup (meeting) na mun khawng ah thu theilo pen bangin om kaltang se in, a telnop theithei pen ding gentehna tuamtuam tawh thugen den in, a telnop thudotna te leh ciamnuih abawl nate hang in mite nuamthei mahmah uh aa, tuabang hun takciang in mi te ngaihsut na, hong thuk ngaihsut sak zaw tuam mahmah hi.
Socrates in “Mihing pen gamtat hoihna omlo in bangmah hi lo hi. Siangtho taka ih nuntakna zong nahoih ih deihman aa, hong piang khia hi aa, mi in hih thu atheih kei leh gamtat sia ding hi” ci in hilh den hi.
Taangpi nasep nate ah kihel khol lo in a kihel sunsun ciang zong thumaan thutak ah ding kip in, hangsan tak in omden hi. Mite ngaihsut na tawh kituak kei khaleh cih lauhna nei selo in tangtak in nasem den hi.
Khatvei thukhen(sitni) zalian te lak ah a kihel dingin zawn uh aa, tuatung in Athen khua galkap makaipi te tung ah thu hong khen hi. Mipi in deihtak in thukhen (sitni)te tung ah hong ngen uh aa, Judah mipi in Pilat kumpipa tung ah a nget bangdan hi ding hi ven. Tuaciang in thukhen mangpi te in zong mipi deihdan in galkap mangte asi dingin thu hong khen sat uhhi. Hih tung in Socrates pen, a mah bek in pang in “Thuman thutak tawh thu ih khen ding ahi hi” ci in hong gen khia ngam giap hi.
Khatvei zong Athen khua thukhenpi (sitni) mi(30) te in amah matna ding thu hong bawlkhia uhhi. Socrates in thupiak nial pen sihtheih na hi cih thei gegu napi in hong nial veve hi. Hih tung in mipi in amah hong gum zo bilbel uh a, tuaban ah thukhen mangpi(sitni-30)te zong kikhawlsak hi.
Socrates in mihing te’ kha pen “si thei lo” hi ci in umngiat hi. Tua hangin sihzong laulo hileh kilawm hi. Athen khuapi sung aa teng te in, a Pu aPa khang pan un pasian tampi tak nei uh aa, tuate pen Socrates in up sak se lo hi. Sih khit ciangin ih kha nungta lai ding hi cih te, a biakna up dante a uppih midang neivet lo ahih manin ama up dan pen Kristian upna dan ahi hi.
Mi te’ lamdang sak khat leh a ma’ upna dan a nuntakpih den khat ahi hi. Khatvei leuleu nai(24)sung, thu ngaihsun in ding thapai ci hi. Socrates in alungsim sung ah aw nem mahmah leh akip mhnmah, amah a makaih khat om hi ci in gen aa, tua in napawlkhat bang hihvet lo dingin makaih hi ci in gen hi.
A zahpih leh anuihsan om kawmkawm himah taseh leh kipkho tak aa anung azui, a gei ah a omden zong mi na omveve hi. Pawlkhat in a pil na leh a thusel siam na sinnuam uh aa, pawlkhat leuleu in gamtat hoih aa a gamtat theih na ding sinnuam in hong zui uhhi.
Socrates’ sangnaupang (nungzui), mi tuamtuam sungah hite pen aminthang phadeuh teng ahi hi: Critias pen thukhen(sitni) mi(30)sung lak ah aki hel khat, Abibiades, Crito, Plato, Xenophon, Pericle naupang zaw pen, Theban mipil, Cebes, Euripides leh laigelh siam mithupi te ahi hi. Socrates in pilna leh siamna sinna Sang atuam in nei lo in, a sangnaupang te (anungzui) te pen amau man hunhun in a ma kiang ah hong pai lel uhhi.
Socrates in Zi nihvei nei in, a Zi masa Marytone tawh tapa nih nei aa, tuakhit ciangin a Zi nih na Xanthippe tawh tapa khat hong nei kik hi. A Zi nihna pen sinsia mahmah in kigen hi. Ahih hangin mipil mahmah leh azawng mahmah, ahun neih khempeuh banglo tengsep na a, hunbei sak pa pen Pasal aa aneih sinsiat huai kha mah ding hi, ahithei thukhat hi.
BC 399 kum takciang in Socrates pen, Puteek kum (70) hong hi ta hi. Mitampi tak in a thupit ngaihsut hangin alangpan zong natam veve hi. A langpan te in thukhen te tung ah hong khia (tai) hi. Aki khiat(tai) dan pen hi bang ahi hi: “Mipi leh kumpi te pasian umlo in, tuailai khangno tampitak lampialsak manghi” ci in ki khia(tai) hi.
Tualaitak aa Athen khuapi aa mithupi, thugen siam zong ahi Lysias in a khiat(tai)na thu a tawp theihna dingin laigual saupi tak gelhsak in, Socrates hong pia hi. Socrates in tua lai hong simkhit ciangin, lungdamna thu hong gen aa, ahih hangin hong sangnuam lo hi. “Hoihtak leh siam mahmah aa ei leh ei ih thumaan na hong kigelhsak pen pasal vaikei, Sicyonia khedap pum bangin hoihtak abawl hi, ahih hang numei te cihding kilawm bek hi” ci hi. “Philosopher pen azah taak huai mahmah, kiptak leh kiciantak in adinding ahi hi” ci thuah lai hi.
Ama deihdan bangin dawng in “Athen mite aw, hong ki khia(tai) na thu in bangzah ciangin hong zo ding hiam cih bel theikeng, athu leh ala kangaihsak laitak in kei leh kei zong ki mangngilh liang ingh, hongkhiat(tai)na uh thupen thuman thutak tawh kibang, amaan lopi ahi hi. Bangbang ahi zongin thumaan thutak lah genvet lo uh aa” ci in dawngkik hi.
A khiat(tai) na thu tawh kisai buaihuai liang in nialkeei se lo in, anasep ngei leh a ngim atup thupit na thu hong gen khia ziauhi. A neih khempeuh Athen khua aa dingin a piakkhiatna thu, akhua atui hoihna ding a deihlian pen a hih na thu leh tuapen Pasian te in ama nasep ding aa tavuan apiak ahihna thu hong gen khia hi. Thukhen te kiang ah “Pasian te thuneih na pen nomau thuneihna sang in sangzaw uhhi” ci in hilh hi.
Tua thu hangin thukhen te hong buaisak a, ahih hangin hong genbeh zawlai mah in, Thuman thutak zon nasep nong khawlsak nahang un, thugualzo nonghih sak ding uh leh hibang in ka ci ding hi: “Aw.. Athen mite aw, lungdam ing, ahih hangin Pasian thu kamang zaw ding aa, husan theihna ding thagui ka neih lai teng hih na kasem ding aa hongbawl Pasian thu kamang zaw dinghi. Ka nasepna leh ka upna pan in ka tawpsan ngeikei ding hi. Ka muh khempeuh kiang ah kagen det khat ahi ih kha nuntak na ahoih na ding in, pilna leh thumaan thutak thupi ngaihsut lo in, hauhna leh minthanna nung na zuih uhpen a maizumhuai mahmah ahi hi. cih kathuhilh na pen ka zomto zel ding hi. Sih napen bangdan hiam cihbel theinai keng, nahoih mahmah zong hikha thei hi, lauvetlo hing. Hihbel thei ing, ih nasep paisan in nahoih sepkhiat ding hi. Tuaban ah ahoihlo hi cih ka theihsa kateel ding sang in, hoih in teh ci aa ka upmawh teelnuam zaw ingh” ci hi.
Thukhenna zum(court) in mawhsak in thu hongkhen uh aa, si ding in thu hong khen uhhi. Athen khua thukhun in Socrates pen dan tuamtuam pia thei hi. Sum tampitak liausak ahihkei leh gamsung pan in hawlkhiat cih bang in daan piathei hi. Ahih hangin Socrates in hibang in hong thumzaw vet aa “Mipi aa dinga nahoih asem nuam ahih manin, tuabang ngeingei mah in atung ah thu na khending uh ahi hi. Olympic kimawl na-ah a gualzo bangin pawi bawlsak in, taangpi sumtawh aki vak ding ahi hi. Tuabang in kivaak leh aman zong sihna pan asuahtak theihna ding in mina kha t(7500 Ks/) liau ding hi” ci hi. (mina khat acih pen kawlgam sum in 7500MMK zah hi le kilawm). Alawm te in amah asuah taak theih na ding in sum mina (30) liauzaw ding in zol uh aa, ahih hangin ut lo hi.
Thukhen(sitni)te zong hong heh mahmah uh aa, gu namkhat(hemlock) tui dawn aa, si ding in athu hong khensat uhhi. Thukhen te’ thukhen na hong sang ziau hi. Thukhen (sitni) tekiang ah “kei kasi ding aa, leitung pan ka paikhia ding aa, note na hih uh leh na damlai ding uhhi. Ahih hangin koi hoihzaw koi thuman zaw cih pen Pasian lo kuaman thei lo hi” ci in dawngkik hi.
Tuahun laitak in pawikhat (festival) bawlding om ahih manin asih ni ding pen kaal (3) bang ziakai hi. A mah akhihna ding khau aki bawlsung teng in, amahpen suanginn sung ah kikhum cip pi mah in amah kiang ah ahawhte lungnuam tak in hopih den hi. A sangnaupang (anungzui) te lak aa, akihel khat Crito pen thukhen(sitni) telak ah akihel khat ahi hi. Sum mina 30) tawh akitat kik theihna ding tawh kisai, athusung zong amah ahi hi. Socrates kikhum na suanginn sung ah hong pai in, aom na suanginn thongsung pan, ataikhiat theihna ding hunhoih abawlsak lam hong gen hi. Ahih hangin Socrates in taisim ding ut lohi. “Thukhun tawhkizui in thu hong ki khen natawh sihdan hong kipia hi, tua hangin gam thukhun pen kazuih kul hi” ci ngiat hi.
Plato in alaibu bawl “Phaedo” sung ah Socrates hun nunung tawh kisai gelhhi. A lawmte pen Socrates sih dingciang in, hong pai ngeingai uh aa aZi Xanthippe leh a tapa zong agei ah hong om hi. A Zi Xanthippe kapkawm in “Socrates, na lawmte tawh kiho un maw” ci hi. Thunem tawh a Zi inn ah ciahpih hi. Tuakhit ciang in Socrates aomna munpan hong dingkhia to in, akhe kol te hong nuai vatvat aa, thu gen hong kipan hi.
A lawm ten akiim ah atutpih laitak in, damdam in haksat na leh nopna akizopzia hong genkhia hi. A lawmte tawh nuntak dan thute, sihna thute leh mihing te’ kha asih theih loh na tawh kisai thute hongki kum uhhi. Nitak nikaai ciang in Socrates kisil ding in alawmte hong paisan hi. Hong kileh kik takciang in nitum dek tak ta in, tuahun pen asih hun ding hong hi ta hi.
Kumpi nasem ulian khat hongpai in, Socrates kiang ah a nasepna hangin mawhmaina hong nget kawm in, amatung ah hehloh ding in zong hong ngen hi. Tuakhit ciangin mittui nulkawmkawm sa in hong paikhia kik hi. Crito in ki nawhselo ding in Socrates hong hehnem in, ni zong tumkhin siangnai lo deuhsam hi. Lungnuam maitai pua kawm in nuihmai tak tawh Socrates in gutui amah apiading mi hongsawl kikvet hi.
Socrates in gutui koihna hai hong la in, pasian te a nohsiat na dankhatin gutui tawm hong buakhia in, tuakhit ciangin hong dawn gai siang sitset hi. Agei aa ading alawmte in a lungsim natna uh thuakzolo uhhi. Ahih hangin Socrates in alawmte hong taibawl in “Bang a hia na hih uh? Ka Zi kaciah sak zong hih hang aive, mulkim huaitak aa nasep a omloh nading aa kacih ahi hi. Lungnuam sinnuam aa sihpen nahoih hi cih theikhin ingh. Dai un la, thuak keei kai un” ci in thumbawl hi.
Gu in apumpi sung tengah hong kizeel in, sihna khutvot in hong man ta hi. Khuaphawk lo aa hong tuuk dektak laitak in kithawih dan neucik, amangngilh khatpen ahih dan ding hong hilh in, tuakhit ciang in atawntung ading hih leitungpan paikhia ta hi.
Plato in alawmte khempeuh simding in hibang in gelh hi “Hihpen ka lawmpa, mi picing, ama hun lai in midangte sang ahoihzaw, apil leh athumaan pen ahi hi” ci in gelhhi.
Socrates hong ki vuikhit zawhphet ciang in Athen khua mipi te hongkisik kik mahmah uhhi. A mah mawhsak in, ama tung ah sihdan pia thukhen(sitni) te hong mudah mahmah uh aa, mi khempeuh in thukhen(sitni)te hong nehnuam nawn lo uh aa, pawlkhat te bang Socrates sihna hangin na salua in kigui awk lumliang uhhi.
