Mihing Hamphatna Khutzat bulpi-3
Agelh~Khansuan T. Guite
Mi khatpeuh in khialhna nei keng ci’n teci a lah theih hangin tua mipen khial hi, ci a muanmawh teitei na:
Naupaai numei te leh naupang no te thahna ding thukhenna:
Minam, namphung leh biakna te huatna ah thapiak panpihna:
Kiteng theiding a khangcing khin mite nupa kop suahna ding halna:
Minam neute pen a mau ngeina, biakpiakna (or) a mau kampau zattheihna uh khaktanna
Hih a kigelh thute in leitungbup ngeina thukham tang a kizang ahih manin gam khatpeuh in hih hamphatna te lakpan khat peuhpeuh tuamsiit theilo hi.
Mipi leh gamleivai hamphatna tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipi:
International Covenant of Civil and Politics Rights (ICCPR)
Article (1) ICCPR
(A) Mi khempeuh in mimal deihtel khensatna (self-determination = mimal deihtel khensatna ci’n kizang hi) neitek hi. Gamleivai sepzia zong suakta tak in deihtel khensat in sumbawlna, khotang hinkhua leh ngeina khantohna ding in suakta tak in septheihna nei ciat hi.
(B) Mi khempeuh in khat leh khat kiliim belh ciat i hihna bulphuh in leitungbup sumbawlna tawh kisai pankhawmnate a khaksiat kei nak leh mimal phattuamna ding in i neihsa sum leh vante suakta tak in zang in zek thei ding hi.
(C) Eimah ki vaihawmna nei nailo munte leh UN vaihawmna nuai a om munte a kumpi te bek hilo, hih laipi dongta gamte in mimal deihtel khensatna zui a nasepna te sangkhan in a sepzawk ding ban ah tua hamphatna zong UN kiciamna (charter) sung a kigelh tawh kituak in zahtak ding hi.
Mi khempeuh in mailam a eima deih gamleivai teltheihna neihi.
Mi khempeuh in i neih leisung sumpiang te leh leikiak sumpiang (natural resource) gou leh gamh te kilawm i sakna mun leh i deihna munte ah zat theihna nei hi.
Hilhcianna: “Mimal deihtel khensatna (self-determination) i khiatna (deihna) in nisim a i gen kammal te ah baih lam tak in kitel thei hi. Ahi zongin hihmun a deihna in thuk mahmah hi. Hih hamphatna i ngimna in namdang khutnuai pan a manlang thei pen a suahtak theihna ding leh mipi deihnate suakta tak a pulak theihna ding Democracy paizia te phungvuh sangkhan ding ahi hi”.
ICCPR sungah “mimal deihtel khensatna” khiatna hilhcianna ah a sangpen thuneihna (sovereignty power) nei gam khat i kikhui khawmna leh gamleivai tawh kilung tuakna te a vekpi in ahi zongin, khenkhat ahi zongin, a nennen in khenkhapna (or) balsiatnate nakpi tak in kham hi. A hangin leitung i kilemna leh sumbawlnate a ding in a hoihlo paak leh gah te tawh leitung pen gam neu nono tampi tak in a kikhen khapkhak ding lauhna hang ahi hi.
Mipi te’ lungtuak hanciamna hang in a nuai a thugui (3) te thusiit khentuam (reservation) in ki koih hi.
(i) Namdang ukna (colony) vaihawmna langpanna:
(ii) Minamte a nengniam kumpi te langpanna:
(iii) Gamdang thahatna khatpeuh khazak khumna te langpanna ahi hi.
Khatlam peuh in mipite tungpan a tamzaw san theihna ngah in a tung a thusit khentuamte lakpan khat peuhpeuh in a huamkhak leh suahtakna ding nasepna leitung bup theihpihna ngahthei hi.Tua theihpihna ngahna pan a kician hamphatna leh mawhpuakna te hong piangkhia ding hi. Tua te in:-
1. Colony sumbawlna, minam nengniamna leh gamdang mite khazak khumna thute tawh kisai kha gam te in mimal deihtel khensatna suakta tak a zat theihna ding thukim ding uh hi.
2. Suahtakna ding nasepna ah mimal deihtel khensatna zungkipna ding in galvan tawi theihna ding hamphatna om hi.
3.Gam tuamtuam ten suahtakna ding nasepna ah thudam in thapiak panpihna nei thei uh hi. Tua bang in a nengniam gamte tung ah panpihna botsat thei hi. A zenzen in mimal deihtel khensatna hong kinialsak leh zong thudam in lampi khak ding in hanthotna pia ding in UN ah ngetna pia lut thei ding hi.
Suahtakna ding nasepna ah (1) colony (2) gamdang mite leh (3) minam nengniamna te hangin langdona hileh galvan tawh langdona pen kikhamlo hi cih a dik mah hiam? Hi mah hi. Tuabang dinmun ah leitung mite muhna in hih pen sep theihna ding khamloh ding hi ci in theihpihna zong hong pia ding uh hi. A gilo ukcip kumpi te galvan tawh dothuk kikna ee leh, bang na ci muh a? Hih zong suahtakna ding nasepna khatmah hilo ahi hiam?
Tu laitak a kizang thukham tungtawn in gen leng hi theilo hi. Kikhelna pawlkhat bel omthei kha mai in teh. Leitung bup ah hih thu pen nakpi takin kikupna kinei hi. Hih bang a galvan tawina pen “kitom gitlohna” ciangbek in gen uh hi. Hun sawtpi tak mun leh mual pawlkhat zong luah zoden hi leng bel leitung mite muhna ah thukhun in khamlo, thukham phalna tawh sep theihna” kingah ding hi. Ahi zongin suahtakna ding hanciamna sepna hun dinmun ngah tuan lo ding hi.
Gamsung hauhsakna zektheihna tawh kisai in:-
Hih hamphatna in sumbawlna tawh kisai hamphatna leh gamte i sepding mawhpuakna thukham te ah a kicing zaw in kigelh hi.
Gam khatpeuh in hih a nuai a hamphatna te ngah thei ding hi.
(a) Gam dangte sumbul sunna (foreign investment) te enkai ding:
(b) Gam sung sumbawlna in khotang hinkhua tawh kituah sakna ding, gamsung thukham tawh kituak a leitung bup pangkhawm a sumbawlna te zungkipna ding gelna:
(c) Gamdang mite neihsa suhsakna (or) gambup neihsa suahsakna (nationalization) te ah a man ding zah kilawm kituak zangna dopna (compensation= zangna dopna ci’n kizang hi.) piakding:
Article (2) ICCPR
(A) Thukimna laipi sunga letmat thuh gamte in a mau neihsa gam huamsung leh vaihawmna huamsung a om mi khempeuh tungah minam, ci leh sa, a nu a pa, biakna, kampau, gamleivai leh a dang upnate,beh leh phung, neih leh lam, pianna mun leh mual leh a dang khentuamna te omlo in hih laipi sung a kigelh hamphatna te zahtak in zui ding hi.
(B) Thukham (or) vaihawmna omloh na mun te ah zong laipi sung a kigelh hamphatnate a kizuih theihna dingin laipi dongta gam te’n a kisam thukham (or) vaihawmnate a gelh theihna ding gam bup thukhunpi gelhna a sepzia paizia tawh kituak in a banban in sem thei ding hi.
(C) Laipi dongta gamtuam te’n hih a nuai a te sem ding hi.
(i) A kitheihpih mi khatpeuh’ hamphatna (or) suahtakna te a kipalsiatsakna ah a gamta mi in kumpi phalna tawh nasem ahi zongin, a thuak mi tungah zangna dopna a piakna ding kumpi in mawhpuakna nei hi.
(ii) Tuabang in zangna dopna a ngen mi i hamphatna pen thukhen zum, ki-ukna (or) thukham bawl theihna thuneite (or) a dang thuneihna lentu te’n khensatna pia ding a, thusitna tawh kisai ah zangna dopna a ngahna ding zung kiipsak ding hi.
(iii) Thukhen theihna thuneitu te’n zangna dopna a kipiakna dingah a kisepsuah theihpah nading zong muanhuai sak dinghi.
Kumpi te in khentuamna om hetlo in gam mikhat sim hamphatnate zahtakna ding leh vengbitna ding mawhpuakna nei hi. Hih hamphatnate a kingah theihna ding in thukham bawl ding hi. Hamphatna khatpeuh palsiat sakna thuak mite’n zangna dopna a ngahtheihna ding gelsak dinghi.
Hilhcianna:
UDHR leh ICCPR sung a om hamphatna te leh suahtakna te pen leitung bup tawh kisai thu ahi hi. Mi khatpeuh in ci leh sa ah bang lim leh mel sun in ahi zongin, a lamdang deuh kampau in ahi zongin, khanglui upna nei in ahi zongin, biakna tuam leh lamdang deuh bia in ahi zongin, na leh sa in om in ahi zongin a kigelh hamphatna te ngah thei ding hi. “Khentuamna” cih kammal in muntuam gamtuam a i om ciang in tua mite tan kikimna pen a kinawl khin hun ciang in kizang thei kammal ahi hi.
Laipi dongta gam khempeuh in Article (2) na sung a om bang zui in hih a nuai a thute sem ding hi.
Tua gam i gamsung aituam thukham te ICCPR tawh tehkakna:
Laipi sung a om hamphatnate vengbitna (or) kihilna neihna ding a kisam thukham (upadi) gelhsakna:
Hih hamphatnate a kipalsiat saknate ciangin thukhen zum ah zangna dopna (nop tuamna) nget theihna ding:
Zangna dopna (or) noptuamnate i ngahtheihna ding panpih kipsakna:
Gentehna, ICCPR sunga om hamphatnate gam kiukhat a om mihing honpi te tungah zat theihna a kikhaktan sak leh gambup in tua bang hun te ah lampi man ah pilut ding hi. Tua bang a lampi man hilhna ah zong mihing hamphatna tawh kituak in sem ding hi.
A dang etkak thute:
Minam khentuamna beina ding komiti (CERD)
Hih thukimna laipi sungah minam khentuam nengniamna a nuai a bang in kitei khia hi. “Mipi te nuntakna i gamleivai, sumbawlna, khotang hihkhua, a dang bang kongkiu cih omlo mihing hamphatnate leh mungpi suahtakna te kikim tak in a kisai khakna munte ah theihpihna, nasep leh zatna te suksiat utna (or) siatsakna, kihilna khat peuh neihsakna leh ngimna, mihing ci leh sa, phunggui (or) minam beh leh phungte hang in khentuamna, nawlkhinna, khentanna (or) piakthuahna te khempeuh sepna” ahi hi.
(CERD kamhonna)
CERD i ngimna te in :
(i) Thunei tu te leh tangpi tangta in minam khentuamna te khaktan na ding :
(ii)Minam khentuamna in leitung bup thukham palsatna bang in ngaihtuah in sanna te ahi hi.
Laipi dongta gamte in minam khentuam deidanna a nei pawlpi te tungah nasep khatpeuh a kituak thaman piak ding ahi hi. Tuabang pawlpi te pen thukham pua lam a om pawlpi a puang in tua pawlpi mite thusit na nei ding hi.
CERD in vengbit ding a kisam diak mihing hamphatna te a nuai a bang in ciaptehna bawl hi.
(i)Thukham mai ah tan kikimna:
(ii)Sisan suah gamtatna pan vengbitna ding:
(iii)A hoih a kilawm nasep theihna mun bawl sak ding:
(iv)Mun leh mual piak ding:
(v)Mipi zat ding mun (or) nasepna te zattheihna piak ding:
CERD in “i gamsung thukham palsat mite tungah thukhenna a kineih theihna dingin kumpi te’n thukhen zum honsak ding tha a piak banah mimal khat sim in hekna a neihna ah zong thukhen zum i sepzia paizia dingte zong bawlsak hi”.
CERD thukham zui a gamta thunei tute in hoihtak in thukham zui in vengbitna pia ding hi. A diakdiak in mihing hamphatna in mihing khempeuh khentuam nei lo ngah theihna ding leh sangkhanna / masawn na ding in ahi zongin, mihing vang te kizahtak na ding leh vengbitna ding a hizong in, tua hamphatna te ngahna ding in lampi honna te a bulkipna ding te sem ding in zong hanthon hi.
CERD laipi sungah kumpi te in minam muhdahna tawh nasep pawlpi khempeuh thuman lo ahih manin thukham bawl in khaktan ding hi, cih om cileng a maute suatta tak a pulak theihna tawh kisai in bang na ci muh hiam?
Suahtakna pawl khat leh hamphatna pawlkhat te ciangtanna om thei hi. Mihing khat i hamphatna leh suahtakna te pen midang khat i hamphatna leh suahtakna tawh tehkak in ciapteh ding kisam hi. Suakta tak a thugen theihna i cih zong midang te vang kiamsak theiding, kumpi te langpan na ding te gelhna genna te pen thukham bawl in kikhak tan hi. Minam khentuamna (or) mudahnate i saiveng na ding in thukham te ah mipi te lung muanna (or) midang te hamphatna te vengbitna dingte khiapkiam ding kisam tuanlo hi. Tua ban ah minam khentuamna (deidanna), mudahna tawh kisai nasep pen Article (20) sungah nakpi tak in kham hi.
Vienna thupuan (Vienna Declaration)
Lim leh mel, zia leh tong kilamdanna paulap lo in mihing hamphatna leh mungpi suahtakna te zahtak ding pen leitung bup mihing hamphatna thukham i thubul phuh khat ahi hi. Article (15)
Khutbul khelbai te zong nengniamna omlo in mihing hamphatna leh mungpi suahtakna te a kikim in kipia ding hi. Tua sepna sungah mihing kim leh pam (nai huai) ah a maute thalawp tak in a kihel theih nang uh sepsakna zong kihel hi.
Article (3) ICCPR
Hih laipi dongta gamte in laipi sung a om mipi leh gamleivai hamphatnate numei leh pasal tan kikim in a ngah theih nang un dongta gam kumpi thunei te in mawhpuakna la ding hi. Numei te in zong pasal te bang mah in a kikim hamphatna nei uhhi.
Hilhcianna:
Numeite pen khanglui lai (tanglai) hun pek a kipan thanem in kiciam teh a, pasal te sang in dinmun niam zaw in kikoih hi.
Etkak thukimna laipi te:
Numeite nengniam deidanna namkimte beisak nang laipi (CEDAW) sungah kumpi te’n a mau gam sung thukham sungah numei te hamphatnate vengbitna ding mawhpuakna nei ahihna leh numei te i hamphatna tawh kisai thute kigelh khawm hi.
Tua laipi zui in kumpi te in numei te tungah –
(i) Pasal te tawh kikim in nasep kibang sep theihna ding:
(ii)Kivak’ siamsinna leh nasepna te suahta tak a teel theihna:
(iii)A kibang na sepna ah a kikim thaman ngah theihna ding leh numei te pen hih a nuai a thute pan lungmuanna ngah theihna ding in (thukham bawl na kihel in) lampi kong hon sak ding:
(a)Naupaii na hang paulap in na sepna pan numei te hawlkhiatna.
(b) Nauneih hun in thaman khasum pelhem lo in khuan ngah theihna.
(c)A kisam mihing taksap te panpihna piak ding, cihte ah kumpi te’n mawhpuakna nei hi.
Thukham sungah numei te in pasal te mah bangin sep theihna nei uh hi. A diak in buplak na sepna (contract), ki-ukna thute ah vaihawm tu in septheihna nei uhhi. Laipi dongta gamte in koppih zonna leh innkuan sung vaite ah numeite nengniam deidanna beinang a kisam bangin sepding mawhpuakna nei hi.
Pasal te mahbang in numei te in a kikim hamphatna nei uhhi. Tuate pawlkhat in:
(i)Ei utna bek tawh suakta tak in koppih zonna leh kitenna bawlna:
(ii) Kitenna leh kikhenna te ah a kikim hamphatna leh mawhpuakna neihna:
(iii)Nau neih ding zah ciangtanna (family planning) leh nau kihal ding hun deihtelna ah thu khensatna a kikim neihna:
Kivakna ding zonna leh nasep zonna ah zong pasal leh zite in a kikim hamphatna nei uhhi.
Tua ahih manin laipi dongta gamte in numei te nengniam deidanna namkim beina ding in thukham gelh in nasem ding kisam hi. Numei te khentuamna in nu a pa (gender) kilam danna bulphuh a zawhthoh bawlna ahi hi. A nu a pa (gender) kilam danna bulphuh a thagum tawh zawhthawh bawlna in minamvai khentuamna namkim beina ding leitung bup thukimna laipi (ICERD) sunga om thute palsat ahi hi. ICERD sung a om thagum tawh zawhthoh bawlna pen a kawkkha in a kawkkha kei zong in a nuai a thute palsat ahi hi.
(a) Mikhat i suahtakna leh lungmuanna:
(b)Thukham mai ah tan kikimna:
(c) Innkuan sung ah tankikimna:
(d)Lungsim leh pumpi a ding a kisam te a hithei zah (asang pen) ngah theihna:
(e) Nasepna mun a kikim tak a nasep theihna:
Tua banah nengniam deidanna ah kumpite (or) kumpi te aitang a nasemte cih in zong pengthei tuan lo ding hi. Laipi dongta gam te in mimal khat pawlpi (or) nasepna munte ah numei te nengniam deidanna beina ding in panlak ding mawh puakna nei hi.
CEDAW -Article 2 (D)
Mi khatpeuh i na sepna pen vengbitna (or) kanciat sittelna ding leh mawhna thaman piakna ding a kisam nasepte a semlo gam in laipi sung a thute palsat ahi hi. Numei leh pasal khentuamna a piangsak thute khinkhaina ah komiti in “Numei te pen pasal te khutnuai a koihna (niamkoihna) ngeina paizia te pan ngaihsutna” pen bulphuh hi. Hihbang khanglui paiziate in innkuan sung kilem lohna, ut lo pi a gawmtuahna, mo van ken ding neihloh man a kosiatna (simmawhna), numeite zahmawh attan sakna cih bang in piangsak hi. Tua bang in numei khat i cih nak leh mikhat in ngaihsut sang in pasalte taksa utna kicing sak tu, pasal te etlah ding a kizem ding in kingaih sun kha pah hi. A nu a pa ki batloh man a nengniam deidanna te i beisak na ding laipi dongta gamte in a kicing lungmuanna a pia ding thukham bawlding in komiti in hanthon hi.
Innkuan sung ah thagum zang a zawhthawh bawlna tawh kisai in komite in hih a nuai a bang in thukim pihna nei hi.
(i)A kisap leh mawhna khialhna thaman piakding:
(ii)Innkuan sungah numei te simmawh na (or) Thahna te a min kisialna te khaktanna:
(iii)Innkuan sungah zawhthawhna thuak numeite a ding in lungmuanna mun a om theihnang khawlbuk lamna ah panpihna piakna:
(iv) Thu kizaknate ah zong numeite zahtak dan siamna ding leh zahtakna a khantohna ding suahna:
(iv) Siamsinna leh mipite tung tangkona khatpeuh ah numeite tan kikimna a kiamsak theiding malakna te a beina ding in limgelna puanpihna:
(v) Zahmawh metbawlna leh kizuakna te paisan zawh na ding in kidalna leh gawtna na piakding gelna:
(vi) Na sepna munah numei te zahmawh tawh kisai zawhthoh, simmawh bawlna leh botlawh sakna te pan vengbitna ding:
Vienna thupuan:
“Gamsung mun leh mual, leitung bup gamleivai, gam mite hamphatna, sumzonna, khotang hinkhua leh ngeina tawh kisai hamphatna te ah numeite tan kikim a kihel theihna leh zahmawh kibat lohna hang a khentuamna a beina ding pen leitung bup mihing te i ngimna bulpi ahi hi”. (Article- 18)
Article – (38) sungah hih a nuai a omna sepna te thupina leh thuukna te lak hi.
(a) Mipi tawh kumpi na sepna mun ahi zongin, mimal in ahi zongin, numei te zawhthoh bawlna beina ding:
(b)Numei te zahmawh tawh kisai in botlawh sakna, metbawlna leh zuakna te beina ding:
(c)Thukhenna munte ah nu leh pa khentuam in angvan tuamna te beina ding:
(d)Numei te hamphatna leh khanglui paizia, ngeina, paizia luite meilet lunggulhna, limsang biakna pan a piang buaina te beisak na ding:
……Zop lai ding……..
