LAIBU SUNG HAKSATNA (FORM CRITICISM)
Agelh ~ Lian Muan Kham Suante
THUPATNA
A kigensa mah bangin, Lungdamna Thu bute pen Jesu sihzawh kum 20-30 (AD 60-70 pawl cihna hi) zawh ciangin kigelh pan ahih leh, Source Criticism in Lungdamna Thu bute pen a kigelh khit hun ciang dong (tua pen AD 60/70 pawl) pan bekin kan kha cihna ahi hi. Tua ahih leh, ‘A kigelhma hunin bangci bangin Jesu thugente leh a tangthute pen kikem hiding hiam?’ cih kan ding hong kisam leuleu hi. Tua pen Form Criticm tup-le-ngim hong hi leuleu hi. Form Criticism in, Jesu thugente pen a kigelhma huna a kipiaksawn dan leh a kigensawn dante (transmission) sutin nei hi.
1. FORM CRITICISM KINGAKNA BULPITE
Form Criticism in, Jesu sihzawh ciangin Ama tangthu leh a thugente a lomlomin, tom cikcikin (small units) mun tuamtuamah kithehthang dingin tuatna nei hi. Tua bang thute pen a tuamtek mahin kihilhsawnkik dingin tuat uh hi. Gentehna-in, Jesu thuakna (Passion story) pen Ama tangthu dangte tawh kisawhkha loin, a tuam vilvelin kihilhsawn hi ding hi, cihna ahi hi. Tua banga a lomlom leh a nam tuamtuama Jesu tangthu leh thugen omte pen, Pawlpi makai masate leh Lai Siangtho gelhte (e.g., Matthai, Maka, etc.)-in zomkhawm kik uh, cihna ahi hi. Tua bang thute pen “Bang nam (form) hi ding hiam?” cih zong Form Criticism in kankhawm pah hi. Tua bang a nam tuamtuamte pen a nuaiah tomkimin kigenkik ding hi.
Lungdamna Thu pen tangthu bangin kihilhsawn hikha thei ding hi. Ahi zongin, tua banga a kihilhsawnna pen mimal tavuan hi loin, pawlpi (Khristiante) tavuan (work of communities) hizaw dingin kituat hi.
Jesu thugente leh a tangthute pen ngeina khat zui-in kum bangzah sung hiam kam tawh kihilhsawn dingin zong tuatna om hi. Tua banga a kihilhsawnna lamah, tangthu pawlkhatte pen a kicianzaw ding deihna tawh a sauzaw deuh a, hilhcian pawl omin (cf. Mk. 8: 27-33; Mt. 16:13-23), Judahte ading diak a kigelhte zong Gentail mite zattheih dingin a kipuahkik pawl zong om hi (cf. Mt. 10:37; Lk. 14:26).
Form Critic-te in, Khristiante leh Pawlpite kisap dan tawh kizui-in (sitz-im-leben -life situation) Jesu tangthu leh a thugente pen kihilhsawn hi dingin tuat uh hi. Jesu kampau khempeuh pen kigensawn khin dikdek loin, mipite leh Pawlpite kisap dan tawh kizui-in Jesu thugen pawlkhatte a kihilhsawn hibekzaw hi.
2. FORM CRITICISM SUNG A NAM (FORM) TUAMTUAM PAWLKHATTE
A tung a kigen mah bangin, Form Critic-te in Jesu tangthu leh a thugente pen a lomlomin a nam tuamtuam (form) zangin kihilhsawn dingin a ngaihsut mah bangin; nam pawlkhat omte i gen ding hi.
Tangthu Tom (Pronouncement Stories): Jesu thugen tomno, hun sawtlo leh tomno cik sung a piangpakte genna ahi hi. Tua bang tangthute pen Marka 2:23-28 sunga buaina (controversy); Marka 12: 38-44 sunga Thukham hilh siate a kimawhsakna (theological dialogue) leh Luka 9:57-62 sunga mimal tangthu (biography) kigenna panin kimu thei hi. Hih bang tangthute sungah, a deihna pen Jesu kam pauna leh a monghialna (conclusion) panin kithei thei hi.
Na Lamdang Bawlna Thute (Miracle Stories): Jesu na lamdang piansakna thu gelh ding pen Evangelist-te deihna lianpen khat ahih manin, kician takin gelh hamtang zel uh hi (e.g. Mk. 4:35-41), kici hi. Mihingte in piang theilo dingin a kingaihsunte, Jesu in piangsak thei ahihna thu a na lamdang bawlnate panin kimu hi.
Jesu na lamdang bawlna in gelhdan khat zui piantek hi. A masa penin a piang theilo ahihna thu kigenin (Lk. 5:12a), Jesu kiangah upna tawh a kipaipihna in zomto in (Lk. 5:12b), Jesu dawnna leh hopihna (Lk. 5:13) in a zopkik khit ciangin, a kidamsakna hanga mipite in lamdang a sakna thu tawh monghialna nei hi (Mk. 1:27).
Tangthu Lamdang Diakte (Legends/Myths): Jesu nuntakna sunga na piang pawlkhatte pen a lamdang diak (supernatural) zong omin, tuate pen Legends/Myths kici hi. Tua bang tangthute sungah Jesu pen a hangsan/menta (hero) danin kigen hamtang zel hi. Tuate pen: Jesu kituiphumna (Lk. 3:21-22), Amah a ki ze-etna (Lk. 4:1-13), mel kikhelna (Mk. 9: 2-13), biakinn sunga Jesu a kimuhna (Lk. 2:41-51) leh gualzo-a Jerusalem a lutnate (Mk. 11:1-10) ahi hi.
Jesu Thuakna (Passion Narrative): Jesu thuakna tawh kisai a kigelh thute genna ahi hi (e.g. Mk. 10-16). Jesu thuakna bang dan pian tangthu tom pen Gospel-te a kigelhma hunin zong na om khin hileh kilawm hi (pre-Gospel literary unit). Tua bang nam (style/form) zui mahin Jesu thuakna tawh kisai tangthu zong kigelh hi ding hi.
A tung a kigen teng banah, nam tuamtuam tampi tak om lai-in (e.g. dominical sayings, parables, paradigms, tales, etc), ahi zongin tuate pen kigen khin theilo ding ahih manin, i hunsak phot ding hi.
THUKHUPNA
A tunga kigenna panin, Evangelist-te (Matthai, Marka leh Luka) pen Jesu tangthu leh a thugente a ciamteh bek hi loin, a hilhsawn leh gensawnte (e.g. Mt. 15:2-6) ahihna uh kimu hi. Tua banah, Form Criticism in ‘Lai Siangtho pen a kigelhma hun in bangci bangin kihilhsawn hiam?’ cih zong hong theisak hi. Kam tawh a kihilhsawn lai hunte (stage of oral tradition) sutin neizaw ahih manin, Lai Siangtho pen a kigelh khit hun ciang pana sutna a nei Source Criticism sangin thuk lutzaw tawh kibang hi. Ahi zongin, Form Criticism inzong bukim lohna mah na nei veve hi. Gentehna in, H. Schiirmann in Lungdamna Thu bute a kigelhma hunin kamtawh kigensawn mah hi, cih ngaihsutna pen “man mah hi” a cithei lian kuamah omlo hi, ci-in gen hi. Jesu in a thugen peuhpeuh pen telnuam ding leh ciamteh baih dingin gen kha ding ahih manin, a nungzui pawlkhatte in laidal neu khat peuh tawh na ciamtehin, tuate zangin Lungdamna Thu bute a kigelh zong hikha thei ding hi, ci-in ngaihsun hi. Ahi zongin, hih ngaihsutna pen ‘upmawh thu’ bek mah ahi hi.
Kum 20-30 sung vilvel Jesu thugente pen kamtawh kihilhsawn ahih manin, Lai Siangtho sunga kigelh thute pen Jesu kammal zat dan lianlian hikha nawn lo thei hi. Ahi zongin, a deihna bel kibang veve dingin tuat theih hi. Tua ahih leh, Lungdamna Thu bute sunga Jesu tangthu kigelhte pen Jesu kammal zat dan lianlian bangin a kigelhkik loh hangin, Pasian thu ahihna bei tuanlo hi, cihna hithei ding hi.
