Khang Kilumlet Minam Nuntak-khuasakzia
Agelh~Kap Za Khai
Thupatna
Zomite thungaihsutna picin semsem nading le Zolai a khantoh semsem nading ngimna le deihna in ZCLS Literature Committee makaihna tawh hi bangin kum simin thului khatta bulphuh in laigelh kidemna hong bawlsak zelna pen thupi mahmah le angtang huai kasa mahmah hi. Tukum adingin zong, “Khang Kilumlet Minam Nuntak-khuasakzia,” cih thulu tawh kidemna hong nei leuleu uh a, a tangzai mahmah le a khangto minam ii pianzia le nuntak khuasakziate khempeuh a huamkim ding thu khat in ka ngaihsun hi. “Khang Kilumlet Minam,” cihna thu-ah “Minam” cih pen tangzai lua ahih manin hih thului sungah Zomi khat ka hihna tawh kizui-in i Zomite’ khang kilumlet nuntak- khuasakzia bulphuh in ka gelh ding hi.
Khang Kilumlet
Khang kilumlet i cih ciangin khang khat pan khang khat-ah nuntakzia kikhelna, kilamdanna, tuampianna kici thei hi. Hih sungah sumlepaii zonzia kikhelna, pilna le siamna zonzia kikhelna, lokhawh singpuakzia kikhelna, biakna leh upna kikhelna, ki-uk kimakaihna kikhelna, khuapi leh khuata nuntak-khuasakzia kikhelna cihte khempeuh huamkim hi.
Zo Minam
Kawlgam sungah minam (135) om a, tuate a huampi in gawmkhop ciangin nampi (8) in kiciamteh hi: Burmese, Shan, Karen, Kayah(karen ni), Kachin, Chin, Mon le Rakhine cih teng ahi hi. Hih minam pite sung panin Zominam (Chin) pen Tibeto-Burman namte hi-in, amaute pen 9-10 CE kumin Kawlgam, Chindwin guam-ah hong lal khia uh hi. Ahi zongin amaute genna bang hi leh Zomite pen 14th Century hunin nitumna lam-ah lal uh a, tu-a tenna mun-ah tung uh hi ci hi. Zogam sungah minam (53) om hi ci-in Myatthu (2000) in na gelh hi. Tuate in: Anan, Anu, Aupu, Asho Chin (plains), Awwakhami, Bamar, Chin, Dai (Yindu), Dim, Ganbe, Gwethe, Hsaihtan, Hsinhtan, Hwalngo, Kalintaw (Lushe), Kawno, Khami, Khuanghsai Chin, Khuangsu, Khunli ahi kei leh Hsim, Khwa-hsinme, Laing, Laizo, Laukhtu, Lemyo, Linte, Lushai (Lushe), Lyintu, Mahu, Makan, Marin, Miae, Miyam (Mara), Meithai (Kathe), Mwine, Naga, Pakim, Panan, Salaing, Tabaung, Taichun, Tandu, Tiddim (Tedam), Tardoe, Taw, Tezon, Yaunghtu, Zataung, Zohtone, Zeinnhyut (Zonniyut), Zope, Zo,and Zun.
Zomi i cih kuateng hiam cih leh Khamtung gam-a teeng teng, Khamtung (Chin State) pan a lal khiakik teng, Khamtung hong tung lo Asho Chin teng, Yaw mi teng le Bawmte ahi uh hi. Zomite Khang Kilumlet Nuntak-khuasakzia 14th Century pan 2014 kum ciang dong Zomite’ nuntak-khuasakzia a huampi-in i et ciangin ei khop-in kikhelna, khantohna le kilamdangna tampi kimu thei hi. I nuntak khuasak khantohziate khenpi thum in i khen ding a, Khenpi khatna (14thCentury - 1900), Khenpi nihna (1901-2000), le Khenpi thumna (2001- Present) cih bang hi sak ding hi.
Khenpi Khatna (14th Century- 1900)
Zomite Khamtung gam-ah a tuncil a kipan-in 1900 kum ciang dong nuntakzia i et takciangin amau hih theihna ciangciang tawh nungta in kalsuan ahihna uh kimu thei hi. Lokhawhna-ah vanzat khangto nailo, ankungte tuhna, cinna le puahna-ah a kisam siamna (Method &Technical) thei nailo uh ahih manun Zomite nuntakzia haksa mahmah hi. Nuntak nading lamdang omlo ahih manin kumsim in lo thak sat uh a, thatang zangin lokhawh tawh nungta uh hi. Tutang tawh lei gitgit na pi-un an kham ngah pha lo lai uh hi. A diakdiak in amaute omna khuate khat le khat kizopna tawm mahmah le lampi zong haksa in kizop kikawnna tawm ahih manun thu muhna, kipumkhatna leh kizopna lam-ah khantohna cihte omlo uh hi. Khat le khat, khua khat le khua khat thu kitheih sak nop ciangin thaulawn, kamtai sawl cihte tawh kizom uh hi. Sum nei lo uh a, sum tangin van kikhekna tawh van kileina nei uh hi. Setvan cih limlim nei loin temta, hei leh lokhawhna the (plough share) bek nei uh hi.
Pilna lam-ah zong sangkahna cih limlim omlo in inn sungpanin nulepate thuhilhna bek tawh khangto uh a, lai zong nei lo sem ahihna uh tawh pilna lam-ah madawk het lo uh hi. Pilna neih ding sangin Sahang le Zaangsial mat na kidem zaw uh hi. An nek tui dawn leh zatui zaha lam-ah pen amau suantawm anteh theipuam-te, sa matte, vaimin le gaatamtui-te ahi hi. Ki-uk kimakaihna ah khuasat/phutte in hausa sem pah hi. Amau le amau ki-uk in amau le amau mah kalsuan uh hi. Khua ukna, khat le khat kidona, thukhenna cihte ah khua hausa le a kitel upa-te in makaih uh hi. Mipite in amau tungah siah pia uh hi. Biakna lam-ah dawi le kha tuamtuamte (spirits) bia uh hi. 14th Century pan 1900 kum kikal sung Zomite nuntak khuasakzia i et ciangin gam kiphut cil ahihna tawh kizui-in Khamtung gam pen na khempeuh ah haksa in kikhangto het lo ahihna kimu thei hi.
Khenpi Nihna (1901-2000)
Zomite nuntak-khuasakzia a kilumlet kipatna leh a kizom suak hun kici thei ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh hih hun kikal sungin Leitung galpi khatna le nihna hong pian-na hangin Zomite zong gam tuamtuam, mun tuamtuam-ah tung uh a, thutheihna le nuntakna lam-ah khantoh hong kipanta hi. Amasa pen khang kilumlet kipatna pen leitung galpi khatna (1914-18) lai hi a, Mangkangte’ hong ngetna tawh kizui in Tedim gam pan Zomi pasal (1000)te pen Piantit gam-ah paltan in pai uh hi. Hih hangin amaute in gamdang thumuhna le pilna hong ngah uh bek tham loin Khamtung gam zong mangkangte in hong uk ahih manin Khamtung gam le minam dangte kizopna, kitheihna cihte hong kikhangto hi. A nihna-ah leitung galpi nihna hang hi a, hih hun sungin mangkang le Japan galkapte, missionary-te, gam tuamtuam le mun tuamtuam panin hong pai mite hangin Zomi khang kilumletna pen hong kilang pha diak hi.
Sang pilna leh lai tawh kisai in American Sangmangte hong sepsakna hangin Khamtung gam-ah sang kahna hong kipan hi. Adiakdiak in 1900 kum bul a kipanin sangkahna hong kipan khia a, kum 2000 ciangin sim zawh loh zah dongin pilna nei hong tam mahmah ta hi. Laibu bawlna leh lai khantohna zong tuikhang bangin khangto henhan a, leitung bup level dongah na a sem Zomi vontawi zong tampi hong omta hi: 1998 ciang dong Zogam-ah lukhu nelkai ngah mi 6529 om a, Biakna lam-ah Ph. D, Th. D, D.Miss., STD le D.D a ngah mi 140 bang ki-omta hi. Kawlgam University-te ah a piak uh Ph.D ngah 726 omta hi. Pau Cin Hau lai hong piangkhia hi. Ahi zongin Cope Topa hong bawlsak lai mah kizang suak a, hih in Zomite hamphatna lianpi ahi hi. Ni dangin a om ngei lo zato-te zong hong om zihziahta a, cidamna lam-ah hong khangto mahmah cih ding hi. Zato pite, Nurse sangte, Naupang cidamnate, cih bangin cidamna tawh kisai in nam tampi hong kibehlap hi. Zogam sungah lupna 150 zatopi 1, lupna 100 zatopi 2, lupna 50 zato pi 2, lupna 25 zato 1, lupna 16 zato 3, Station Hospital 15, Rural Health Centre 56, Maternal and Child Health Centre 9, School Heath Team 2, Traditional Medicine Clinic 7 leh Nurse Training School 1 om hi. Kizopna lam-ah zong kikhangto mahmahta a, nidangin khe tawh kipai-in van pen lu tawh kipuakna panin motor cycle, mi puak mawtaw, vanpua mawtaw cihte kizang ta hi. Khamtung lampite zong Mangkang kumpite in galsim nangin a tawhol dingin hong bawlsak khin ahihna tawh kizui in khua khat le khua khat kizopna lem mahmahta hi. Telephone, TV le Radio, mawtaw, mawtaw cycle nei tam mahmah le mun tampi-ah electric mei, tuitha mei, le solar mei-te kingah zihziah khin hi. Puansilh nikteen zong a etlawm le a hoih vive mah hita hi. Galpi nihna ma-in khuamah in khedap kibulh khollo a, tu-in khedap bulh lo ki-om lo hi.
Sumbawlna (buiness) ah zong lo khawh singpuakna panin Setzung le Companyte ah nasem hong om kawmkawm ki omta a, a diakdiak in gamdang mun tuamtuam-ah zumbawl kipan hi. Hih in Zomite nuntakna tampi phattuamna hong pia mahmah hi. Lokhawhna ah zong tu le hei mah a zat uh sangin lokho set tawh kikho ziahziah ta hi. Lokhawhzia zong kisiam ta hi. Gam ki-uk pen 1. Parliamentary Democracy (1948-61), 2. Revolutionary Council (1962-73), 3. Socialist Democracy (1974-88), 4. State Law and Order Restoration leh Peace & Development Council (1988-2010) sungah ki-om kha hi. Biakna lam-ah dawi biakna panin Khristian biakna ah i kikhel a, hih in i nuntakzia leh i thumuhna tampi hong khangcingsak hi. Khristian biakna hangin lai zong kinei ciat pah a, Lai Siangtho neih kipatna hun le biakna bulphuh sangte leh Lai Siangtho sang tampi kiphuankhia pah hi. Hih lungdamna thu hangin Zo ngeina hoihlo tampi i paikhia zo a, a hoih teng kikem cingin nuntak hoihna ah i masuan zo hi. Ahi zongin a langkhat ah biakna tawh kisai-in buaina tampi kituak mahtase le Khristian i suakna in i gam hong khel ahihna kinial thei lo hi. Hih hun sung tengah i thungaihsutzia zong hong khangto mahmah a, ni dangin Pulepate ngaihsutna ahi ankhing kham ding le sikkang inn neih ding cihna panin Pilna le siamna lam-ah kihei thei ta hi. Ni dang lai-in dawi biakna bek a omna panin Buddhism, Animism, Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Laipian cih bangin biakna tampi zong kibehlap hi.
Kum 1901 pan 2000 kikal sung Zomite’ nuntak khuasakzia i et ciangin khenkhatna sangin tampi khang hong kilumlet a, muntuamtuam ah zong tampi khantohna hong kibehlap hi. Amasa kumte sangin Minam picing, Minam etteh taak, le a khangcing Minam kihi zawdeuhta hi.
Khenpi Thumna (2001- Present)
Zomite khantohna pen hih 2001 kum panin hong puakkham hi cileng kikhial lo ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh a beisa hun sangin zong tampi hong kilamdang pah a, khangham le khangnote’ thungaihsutzia ahi zongin, nuntakzia ahi zongin, sumlepaii zonzia ahi zongin, gam ki-ukna ahi zongin tampi hong kikhel hi. A diakdiak globalization tuihual in hong nawk gawp in, Khamtung gam bek tham loin leitung bup pen khuaneu khat bangin hong piangsak hi. Tua hangin Zomite pen Khamtung gam sungah ki-om nawn loin leitungbup-ah kithehthang in ki-omta hi. Zogam zong inn hoih lo hoih, lampi hoih, ki-ukna hoih, lungsim hoih bekbek tawh hong kidimta a, ni dang bangin gamzing Kham gam hi nawn lo hi.
Kizopna tawh kisai genleng Zomi leh Zogam khantoh nadingin 2000 kumin Zomi Computer and Internet Association (ZOCIA) hong kiphuankhia hi. Zogam-ah IT tawh kisai khantohnate: Post Office-74, Telegraph office 35, Computer telegraph 6, Telephone office 37, Telephone line 7909, Exchange 26, direct line 5833, auto/manual phone 5833, Microwave station 5, Rural telephone exchange 11, e-Mail/ Internet 11, Satellite station 16 cih teng hi. Internet hangin Khamtung gam panin leitungbup ah kizopna kinei theita ahih manin khantohna kinawh mahmah a, tulaitak a anungta lai pulepa te bangin lamdangsa mahmah uh hi. Nasepna ah tangtatna sangin kigawmkhopna ding lunggulhna tawh 2005 kumin Zomi Innkuan Kipawlna (USA), Zomi Association of Malaysia, 2010 in Leitungbup Zomi Kipawlna (GZA) cih bangin kipawlna tuamtuamte tampi hong phuangkhia uh hi. Khamtung gam khua khempeuh mei ngah kim phialta uh a, lo khawh sing puakna a kipan a sep a bawldan uh zong khangto mahmahta hi. Kiim-le-paam thupi hongsa thei in singkung lopa kepna kineita hi. Ganhing vasate ki-it kikem ta hi. Khamtung gam khua khempeuh ah sanginn kineita in pilna kidelhta a, laibu sal neih ding kihanciam ciat in laibu zong tampi kibawlbawl ta hi.
Pilna lam zong 1900 a kipanin tuni ciang dong kithupi sak semsem ahihna tawh kizui in tu-in Zomi sungah laithei 92% bang ki-omta hi. Laisin sangnaupang bang 94% ki-om ta hi: Univeristy 3, College 2, High School 28 + Branch 9+ Affiliated 2, Middle School 83 + Branch 14, Post Primary School 326: Primary 1066 zah sang pilna sin theihna mun i neita hi.
Gam ki-ukna tawh kisai in 2010 mipi kiteelna tawh kizui in Democracy (2012- Present) ki-ukna tawh kikalsuanta ahih manin minam suahtakna, sep theihna le thupha bawl theihna thupha kingah semsem hi. Khangno naingngenzi a sem, lailam a sem, sumlepaii a bawl kitam semsemta hi. Cidamna lam-ah zong dawithoihna panin zatui zaha tawh zatopite ah kibawlta hi. Abeisa hunte sangin sihna kitawmta hi. Minam lapsang kipawlna tampi kineita in dongtuakte a hun lap in kihuh kipanpihta ahih manin Zomite minam dangte’ neumuhna kithuak nawn lo hi. Zomite adingin hih kum 2001 a kipanin nuntak-khuasakna nakpi in hong kikhel pha mahmah hi. Banghang hiam cih le ni dangin tuibuk theii bek a thei puteek piteekte in tu-in computer, phone, internet cihte zang thei ziahziahta a, leitungbup tawh kizom theita ahihman ahi hi. Khutmee zang thei peuh le ut peuhpeuh, deih peuhpeuh a kien thei le a kingah thei hita mai hi. Ni danga “ngei loh” teng tu-in “kicing semsem” ta hi.
Thukhupna
Zomite Khamtung gam-ah i tuncil a kipanin tuni ciangdong i nuntak-khuasaknate a huampi in i et ciangin a kilangkhia mahmah khang kikhelna, kilumletna, khantohna, kilamdan-na tampi kimukhia thei hi. Ni dangin tu le heiga tawh lo khawhna pan tu-in tupeek le set tawh kikho ta hi. Ni dangin khat le khat kizopna ah kamtai, sakol le mihing tawh kisawl kizatna panin tu-in mawtaw, mawtaw cycle, phone, internet tawh kizom kihota hi. Ni dangin sabetna le zu le sa nekna bek kithupi sakna panin tu-in sang pilna sinna, kumpi nasepna, company nasepna, Pasian nasepna, gamdang-ah sum bawlna cihte kithupi sak zawta hi. Ni dangin aana tawh ki-ukna panin tu-in a suakta Democracy tawh ki-uk kimakaihta hi. Ni dangin dawite biakna panin tu-in a nungta Pasian taktak kitheician in kibia ta hi. Ni dangin lam haksa, kikawmna haksa a tu-in Khamtung gam khempeuh-ah cycle lam, mawtaw lam kibawlsak khin ahih manin kizopna nuam mahmahta hi. Ni dangin lungsim toi mahmah ta le tu-in minampi lungsim kipaii theita in thumuhna, thu ngaihsutna kisang mahmahta hi.
Zomite khang kilumlet mahmahta hi. Tu laitak a i khantohziate hong nusia khinsa pulepate in hong mu le uh lamdangsa mahmah ding uh hi. Ni dangin khatkia (Individual) khantoh nading kithupisakna panin tu-in a bucing khantohna (Wholistic Development) kithupi ngaihsut in ma kipang ciat hi. Ni dangin aituam angsung khualna panin tu-in minambup aituam lungsim kipom theita hi. Ni dangin Khamtung gam le Kawlgam ciang bek muhna panin tu-in leitungbup ciang dong muhna ah kikhelta hi. Tuhun ciangin Ulian le naupang ci-in kideidan nawn lo a, numei le pasal zong kideidan loin pilna le siamna tungtawnin na kisem ziahziahta hi. Tuhun khang kikhelna sungah Zomi buppi khantoh theih nading bek kimitsuanta ahihna tawh kizui-in Zomi khempeuh in tutkhop khawlkhopna (coming together), sinkhop kankhopna (learning together), khantoh khopna (growing together), le sepkhop liailiaina (serving together (Sia Enno, Zolus, 2012, 10)) tawh kikalsuanta hi. A hoih le a sia, thahatna le thanemna tampi om den dinga, tua-te kidop kawm mahin nuntak kalsuan siam ding kisam semsem hi. Pasian phuhsa Zogam tui bang hong khang semsem lai ding hi. Topa’ Thupha!
NB: 2014 ZCLS laigelh kidemna ah a khatna ngahna hi.
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