HANNIBAL
(247 – 183 BC)
Agelh ~ Timothy Simon Pau
Tanglaipek akipan tuni ciangdong in, leitung tangthu te hong ngaihsun sin aw le, bangteng thei khia na hia le? Na thupi asemzo pha diak, kilemna abawlzo leh mihangsan mahmah te tangthu theikhia kha ding hi teh. Hannibal zong tuabang mi minthang te lak ah akihel khat ahihi. Galkap mangpi, galdo siam, mihangsan hi in, Alexander leh Napoleon te bangzah dong in gualzo lo hikha maithei hi, ahih hang in leitung galkap mangpi aminthang telak ah khatin akihelh loh theih loh khat hong hi vevehi.
BC 247 kum in North Africa khuamualpi sung, gam khat ahi, Carthage akici gamkhat ah aukpi pa uh Hamilcar Barca in tapa ithuai mahmah khat hong nei hi. Tua nauno ii minpen Hannibal min hongphuak hi. Ahihhang tuahunlai tak in, tua nauno pen General mithupi mahmah hong hi ding hi cih kuamah in theikha khollo ding uhhi.
Ukpi Hamilcar Barca in atapa kum(9) aphak aa, kipan in Hannibal lungsimsung ah Rome te ahuatmahmah theih nading in, alungsim sung ah huatna khaici tuhsawm in, a pasian ahi Baal Moloch maiah atawntung a, Rome ahuat nading in kiciam sak hi. Naupangno ahih akipan in, apa in kido na ah tawnpih den hi.
Carthage mite pen galdo nam hilo in, sumbawl nam hi zaw uh aa, a guipi pen uh ahi Phoiniki mite pen, gunkuang bawlsiam a minthang ahi uhhi. Hannibal te pata ahih leh tua apupi gui tawh kigamla mahmah mawk uhhi. A galkap atam zawpen, gamdang mi, mi namtuamtuam , nasemsak aa asawlte uh ahihi.
Hannibal pen kido na lak pan hong khangkhia, apa hun laipek akipan in galkap tawhkisaithu asinden ahih man in, galkap te kisap leh kido na galvan te zong, atheipen khat ahihi. Hamilcar Barca in Spain gam hong laa in, tua tung in tapa it huai mahmah, ama za laihding kanei hi ci in lungdammahmah in zong, atapa suangmahmah hi.
Hannibal pen gamtat hoih, melzong hoih mahmah khat hi. Atak sa zong hoih mahmah hi. Kimawllam uk mahmah in, boxing siam, taihat, Sakol tungtuan siammahmah khat ahihi. A neulai akipan in galdo mi ahih man in, aci asa zong gaw mahmah hi. An lim aduhmahmah mi ahih hang in anne lo in sawtpipi omzo aa, nasep ahahkat mahmah mi ahih hang in, a lawmte pen tawlngak hun piak siam mahmah vanglak hi.
Tangthugelhsiam (historian) Livy pen, Rome mi ahihhang hiam bel theikhang in, Hannibal pen mimawl, mi hehpih thei lo leh zuauthu genden khat bang in atangthu gelh hi. Tanglai hun in Greek te leh Rome te in ami leh asa ahilo te, Greek ngeina pualam milimlim pen Barbarian ci in samden uhhi. Ahih hang in Hannibal, Ukpi pa tapa pen, Phoniniki milian pawl te ii sintheih siamna sangpen sinkha aa, akhangto ahihi. Greek pau siammahmah in, Kumpi lai Greek lai gelhsiam te gelhbang in, laibuzong Greek kam zang in hoihtak in gelhthei hi.
Kum (18) hong cin ciang in Ukpipa tapa galdo asiammahmah hong hi ta hi. A pa Hamilcar Barca tawh Spain gam zaipitak hong lak khit ciang in, apa in sih san hi. A Pa sih aa kipan kum (8) sung pen a u Nu’pasal Hasdrubal khutnuai ah, Sakol tungtuang galkap (cavalry) makaipi hong sem hi. BC 221 kum takciang in Hasdrubal pen kido na ah hong si in, tuakhit ciang in, kum (25) bek ahihhang in Hannibal pen Carthage galkap khempeuh makaipi general hong hi ta hi.
Hannibal galkap te pen minam tuamtuam, nasem aa akilawh galkap (mercenary) mawkmawk ahih hang in, a galkap mangpi general ading in muanhuai theimahmah uh aa, khatvei zong langpan ngei lo uhhi. Hoihtakin agalkap te uk in, tamveipi tak gualzawhna hong ngah uhhi.
Hannibal bang aa gal do siam, tuahun lai in midang omlo hi. Galkap te hatna zangsiam in, galdo dan ding zong theimahmah in, gal te gamtat danding khawng theikhol thei mahmah hi. Tamvei pi tak kidona aomkhit ciang in, Rome galkap mang te in zong, agal do dan (tactic) pen hong sinpah uh aa, sum leh pai leh galkap phazah tawmzaw limlim uh ahih manin, a tawptawp ah Rome pawl in hong zo ta uhhi.
Hannibal siamna akilang sakmahmah khatpen, galte gamtat dan aet kholh siam na hihi.
Galte om na mungei ah, a enkhol ding mi koih theizel in, tuapen zanghthei mahmah uhhi. Rom te tawh akido hunsung in, Rome khuapisung a en ding mi koih hi. A lauhhuai mahmah kawmkal khawng ah zong amahmah melkisel sim in, agalte om dan en cian ding in hong paikhiat hun zong om ngei hi.
Ahih hang in Rome te tawh akido sung in asep khialh nalian mahmah nih om hi. Khat pen, tuipi gei ah nasiatak in do ding cih azat theih loh khat ahihi. Rome pawl pen Tuipi gei ah hong hat zaw uh aa, tua ahih man in migam (foreign) sung aa galtai ding hong haksa tuam mahmah hi. A nih na ah Spanish galkap, naupang mahmah lai khat ahi Hasdrubal akhut sung ah akoih hang ahihi.
A pasian Baal Moloch mai aa, akamciam na lenkip den in, ahun lempeuh ciang aa Rome do pen atuplian pen ahihi. Spain gamsak lam aom Saguntum pen laak sawm in hong do hi. Hih hunlai tak in Rome pawl in Saguntum alaak peuhmah leh ih kido kul ding hi, ci in na tawnbawl uhhi. Ahih hangin Hannibal in Saguntum pen kha (8) val sungding ado khit ciang in hong la veve hi. Tua hang in Rome pawl aheh hong suak mahmah in anihvei na ding Carthage leh Rome hong kido kik uh hong kulta hi.
Hannibal in galkap pawl thum in hong phuan in, pawlkhat na pen Africa ah paisak in, pawlnih nate pen Spain ah koih in, a pawl thum napen hong makaih in Italy lam hong zuatpih hi. Italy gam saklam pen mualsangpipi tawh kidim in, mualkhat khit mualkhat kantan dingpen haksa mahmah hi. Tua ciang khanglam pan in Italy luttheih na ding aom sun pen tuipi tungtawn aa paiding himai hi. Leilu lampan aa Italy lutding pen, haksa mahmah khat a akingaihsun ahihi. Tua nahaksa mahmah pen Hannibal in hong phulto ta hi. Pytennes hong tung in, agalkap pawlkhat ciah sak kik in, tuaciang leigalkap (infantry) mi (50,000) leh sakol galkap (cavalry) kidosiam mahmah asak mi (9,000) hongmaikaih in hong pai pih zel hi. Tuaban ah vanpua ding in sai pawlkhat zong hong tonpih hi.
Mualsangmahmah Pyrennes leh Rhone hongkan tan uh aa, Gaul pawl hong zawhkhit ciang in, Alps mualsangpi hong kantan khia in Italy ah hong lut uhhi.
Hannibal in Alps mualsangpi akantan zawh pen, leitung tangthukigenna sung ah athupi pen leh mi ten lamdang asak pen khat hong suak hi. A galkap te pen Africa gam saklam zaangsung, khualum gamsung aa atengden uh hi aa, vuk tawh aki dim mualsangpi kantan ding in kisek lo mahmah khading hi. Tua ban ah galdo na van te leh nek leh dawn tampi tak tawh hih mualsangpi kantan pen, namawkmawk hi lo hi. Saai leh Sakol atonpih te pen mualsangdawn akantanpih laitak in buaipih mahmah kha ding hi.
Hih akhualzin nalampi haksat mahmah na in, tangthutam neimahmah hi. Paina ding lampi bawltawm in, guamthukpi te ah leidawh tawm in, tuipi liante akanding ciang in tuizangkhauh a hatloh na ding in, Saai te tui laizang ah ki gualsak in, tuizangkhauh nawnloh ciang tui akantan dan khawng tangthute pen zaknop mahmah hi.
Mualsang, khuavotmahmah,bangmah pozo lo akolh velval mualte leh lampi dingzong omthei mel lo aa, suangbekbek aomna mun khawng kantan dingpen baihvet lo ding hi. Suang naal mahmah tungkhawng ah atuk dan khawng leh tuipi akantan laitak aa tuitaih cih khawng te pen mulkim huaimahmah hi. Tuaban ah vuk tawlh hang in mi tampi tak nawkpai in, vuk in a vuknelh zong tampi tak om tuak hi. Hannibal leh alawmte in, Alps mualsangtung ah agalkap tampi tak sihsuah in kigen hi. Tangthugelh siam (historian) pawlkhat in “Hannibal in Italy hong tun ciang in lei galkap (20,000) leh Sakol galkap (6,000) bek neilai hi” ci in ki gen hi. A uang gelh zong hi kha thei ding hi.
Italy zaanggam sung hong tung in, Hannibal in agalkap te hong tawlngak pih in, ahih hang in hunsawtpi sung tawlngakpih theih hong hi lo hi. Hannibal hongki dawk vat mawk ciang in Rome pawl pen hongbuai niainuai ta uhhi. A galkap te pen Hannibal do ding in, leilu lam ah hong paisak aa, hong pai galkap te pen Hannibal pawl in na do in na zo hi. Tua khit ciang, BC 218 kum December kha in Trebi mun ah kido na nasia mahmah khat hong piang kik hi. Hannibal in Rome pawl hong nop zawh mahmah kik hi. Tua pan in Appennines mualdung hong kantan in Eturia hong la kik hi.
BC 217 kum June kha ciang in kidona nasia mahmah khat hongpiang kik in, hih kido na ah Hannibal in Consul Flaminus leh apawl te pen Lake Trasimus kido na ah hongzo hi. Hih tung in Rome galkap te bualgei lam ah khem in hong paisak uhaa, a nunglam pan in na do vat mawk uhhi. Rome pawl ading in sihna guamthukpi himai hi. Hong umcih uh aa, athah loh te nangawn zong Sakol tungtuang galkap te in bualtuisung ah lutsak mang uhhi. Tuakhit ciang in Hannnibal in Rome khuapi lam hong zuatpah loh pen, mi in lamdang sathei mahmah uhhi.
A maikum BC 216 kum in Rome galkap pawl athahat mahmah, mi (76,000) bangpha ding pawlpen Cannae mun ah hong zo kik uhhi. Hih tung in Rome galkap (70,000) val ding Hannibal pawl in hong that in, tuapen amausang aa tamzaw ahihi. Cannae kido na pen Hannibal kido, asiam dan leh gal dodan ding angaihsut siam zia kilangsak mahmah hi. Hannibal leh alawmte in, tuipi nungngatsan lam in ma hong la uh ahihi. A hatkei khak zenzen leh bel, amau ading lam et na om vet lo ding hi. Hih kido na mun ah Hannibal malak dan pen, anungciang galkap mang general tampi tak in hong zang uh aa, leitung galpi hunlai na ngawn in zong kizang hi.
Hannibal in tualai hun aa kido dan ngeina bangmah in leigalkap te pen alaiah omsak in, apang nawlnawl ah sakol galkap te om sak hi. A hih hang in alaizang aa om, lei galkap (infantry) te pen kihalsak mahmah in omsak aa, apang nawlnawl teng ah Lybian galkap thahatmahmah te panla sak hi. Hongki do tak ciang in Gauls leh Spaniards leigalkap (infantry) alai aom te lak ah Rome leigalkap te hong dawk phei ta hi. Roman leigalkap ten hong nawkpheiphei in, zo ta inciai ci aa aki saklai tak in, tualian leh Hannibal thupiak na bang in atak lam leh veilam aa om Lybia leigalkap te in, keunih pan in hong do kik uhhi. Rome galkap te hong that gaikhin mang uh a, Hannibal in gualzawh na hong la kik ta hi.
Hannibal in ngun khutzungbulh tampitak Carthage ah khak hi. Tua zungbulh tepen Rome galkap si te khutzungbulh alaksak te hi in kigen hi. Tua ciang Roman gam kumpi Consul pa ii luang pen hong zawng khia uh aa, Rome mithupi te kivui dan in zahtaak na tawh hong vui bawl uhhi.
Tun ah Hannibal pen mi thupi in hong min thangmahmah ta hi. Italy gammi te pen, lau aa- atai uh leh lauhuai mahmah semsem zaw’uh hi. Hih gualzawh na hong zomto zel in Rome pawl hong do tokik lai leh bel Rome hatna hong zo ngeingei in teh cih uphuai hi. Ahih hang in Pasian gelsak loh hi ding hi ven Rome khuapi ah hong lut lo bilbel uhhi.
Hannibal in Rome khuapi laak pah ding sang in Latin mualdungteng zawhmasak phot ding hong sawmzaw ahih man in leitawlam hong zuan hi. BC 212 kum hong cin ciang in Tarentum hong la in, leitaw lam ah omna ding mun hong zong ta hi.
Hih hunlai tak in Rome pawlte’a galkap mangpi uh General Quintus Fabius Maimus in ngaihsut na thakkhat hong bawlkhia uhhi. Tua pen hibang ahihi- Hannibal pen ahih theihlai teng pen do vetlo in, tuasung teng galkap tha ahat theihtheih nading mala mengmeng ding ci in thu hong khentat uhhi. Zawhtheih lohkhopdong dingin Hannnibal pen hong ngak zaw uhhi. Hih hang in a galkap mangpi uh General pen hunzeikaisak pa (Cunctator) ci in gensialiang uhhi. Tuabang kawmkal sung mah in Hannibal gamtat dan pen hong en gige uhhi.
Galdo pankhia (open battle) pa Hannibal pen galsim dan siamin ahat mahmah nahang in Rome pawl in kido lohtheihna ding lampi azon uhpen hong lawhcing mahmah uhhi. Hannibal in lah galgamsung ah tuabang zahdong in agalkap thahat na ding in galkap behlap ding lemtheilo ahih ban ah akhuapi laksa te acing akem ding in, galkap kisam thuah zel hi. Rome kulhkongpi kiang ah apai’denzel hang in do pah lo hi. Hih hunsung in agalkap thahat na hong kiam tektek in, Rome pawl in ngakphot asawm uh pen hong lawh cing tektek ta hi. Hannibal in Carthage pan in galkap a ngetbeh hang in thunei lamte kikal sung ah haazat na aom man in huhna adeihbang in ngahzo lo hi. A nau Hasdrubala in Spain pan in galkap hong tonpih hang in, tawmlua ahih man in Rome pawl in Metaurus luipi gei ah na do in na zo hi. Hannibal in a thu hong theih takciang in Hasdrubal ii lu pen Rome pawl inna khai keei ta uh hi.
Hih khit ciang in Hannibal pen Brattium ah hong nung kin kik a, tua khit ciang, Italy khanglam agina lo munkhat ah hong om hi. A hih hang in Kum (16) sung pen agalkap te hoihtak in kem aa, Rome te ading in lutang anasak mahmah ,a thuak lah mahmah khat hi den veve hi.
Rome pawl hong hatsemsem in, a galkap mangpi general Publius Scipio in Spain hong la in, Africa lam ah hong pai’hong zomzel hi. Hannibal zong Carthage hon ding in hong ciah kul ta hi. Tua galkap pawlnih te pen BC 202 kum in Zama mun ah hong kido ziahziah ta uhhi. Hannibal in a siam na tuamtuam zang in hong do hang in Rome te in hong zo ta hi. A ma kiang pan aa galdo dan asin Rome galkap pawl in neh zawh mahmah ahih man in, zawhtheih hi nawn lo hi. A galkap te in muanhuai mahmah in sih dong in hong do uh aa, Hannibal ahih leh kido na pan in hong tai khia in, Carthage ah hong lut hi. Hih pen kum (36) khitciang aa Carthage amuh kik khat veina ahihi.
Rome in Carthage tawh kilem na thuciam abawl sam hang un, Carthage mi zahtaak huai pen bel theisiam theilo uhhi. Hannibal pen kido na ah alauhuai bangmah in kilemna sungah zong milauhuai mahmah khat hi ci in theiuhhi. Hannnibal pen nasemthei mahmah khat ahih man in Carthage pen gamthahat khat, amau ading aa alauhuai honghi kik theikha inteh cih hong lausim uhhi.
Hannibal pen kido bekah hilo in, thukhen namun khawng ah alungsim ahangsanzia kithei hi. Khatvei Carthage khua thukhen zumpi ah Ukpi ulian pawl in agamdin mun akhasiat huai dan leh alungkimloh na thu uh genkhia ngeingai uhhi. Tua tak ciang in Hannibal pen anuihza in hong nui khia lialua in, agalten gensia in “camp sung aa ahunkhempeuh azangpa pen, Ukpi ulian pawl gamtat hoih leh azahtaak huai mahmah bangdan aa nungta ding in lamet theih hi lo hi” ci in pilvai leh kician tak in pholaak khia hi ci hi.
A gam hoih na leh siatna thu ah pen Hannibal in lamtuamtuam panin, apan la pen ahihi. Rome te kiang lakpan in mindaikhin ahih hang in gamsung dinmun hoihsak kik hi. A sawtlo sung in Rome pawl in anget uh kido na hang aa aliau ding uh sum (war indemnity) pen asawtlo sung in piamang gaizo khin hi. Bangbang ahi zong in Carthage gam bek pen ama ading in neulua himai hi. Rome pawl zong alungsim ngaihsut na khuak uh, zangsiam mahmah uh aa, Hannibal pen Carthage gam Ukpi hiden mawk leh Rome gam ading in lauhuai kha theiding hicih hong mu khia uhhi. Tua hang in “Kido ding kithawi hi” ci in mawhsak uh hi.
Rome pawl do kikding in Ukpi Hannibal pawl pen kiging nai lo uh ahih man in, ama ut thutawh Syria Ukpi Antiochus III kiang ah hong galtai khia hi. Hih hunlai in Syria leh Rome kido dekdek ta uhhi. Ahihhang in Syria Ukpi in tua general mithupi, akamciam apelhngeilo pa pen umngam taktak zo lo hi, athupiak na lah ngaihsak nuam vetlo hi. Kido na hong tung in, Rome pawl in Antiochus pen hong zo in, kilem na ding in, Hannibal amaukiang ah apiak na ding hong ngen uhhi. Thuom dan atheihphet tak ciang in Hannibal pen asimtham in hong taisim in Bithunia Ukpi Prusias kiang ah hong pai ziau hi.
Rome pawl in Hannibal omna hong zong kik pah uhhi. Ukpi Prusias kiang ah Hannibal amaukiang ah a piak nading in thuvaikhak hi.
Zingsang khat akongvang pan in Hannibal hong khuadak khia aa, aom na inn kiu tek pan in akium cih lam hong thei khia hi. A nungta in ahizong, asi sa in ahizong in amah a laksawm, Rome te tawh aki pawlte ahihi. Gutui (poison) bung apuak denpen hongkhia in, agutui tengkhempeuh hong dawngai mang hi.
“Banghun banghun aa, Rome langdo denkeei pa pen va nuailum dih sin ni e” ci in ciamnuihna in neiuhhi ci hi.
Hannibal in agalte khutsung ah akipiak ding sangin, sih dingatel hunlian pen kician takin kithei lo himah leh BC 183 kiim pawl hiding in ki um mawh hi. A kamciam bangin tangtungsak in Rome pawl hua mahmah kawmsa in hong si ta hi.
Zama kido na ah Hannibal azopa ahi general Scipio in Hannibal pen leitung bup aa general thupipen ding in ciapteh dingbek tawh kilawmlo hi. A kidopih alangte in Hannibal acit dan leh a thu maan dan, a genmasa te hi den uhhi.
Hannibal asih khit zawh asawt lo in Rome pawl in Carthage khuapi susia gawp uhhi. Tua munah khuapi thakkhat hong phut kik uh aa, Africa gam sung, Rome thukhen na munpi hong hi ta hi. Hih khuapi pen AD 698 kum in Arab pawl in hong susia gawp kik uh hi. Tun ah pen tanglai khuapi lui leh athupi mahmah ahi den, Carthage khuapi in, atanglai thupit dan phazo nawnlo hi.
Laibu Saal / Zomi eLibrary
