Democracy Kumpi Hoih Le Gammi Hoih.

Democracy Kumpi Hoih Le Gammi Hoih.

Agelh ~ Kap Za Khai (Photoh)

Thupatna

Leitunga om gam ki-ukna dante lakah Communalism, Marxism, Militarism, Socialism, leh Democracy cih bangin a tuamtuam om hi. Gam makai, kumpi leh mipite in amau hoihsak leh deih ciat bangin a gam uh makaih in uk uh hi. Kumpi ki-ukna, Communist ki-ukna leh Democracy ki-ukna cihte pawlpen leitungah mi kim theih phadiak gam ki-ukzia hi a, tuate lak panin tu-in Democracy Kumpi hoih leh gammi hoih cih thulu tawh Democracy tawh ki-ukna gam sunga kumpi leh gammi hoih hihna thute en ding hi hang.

Democracy

Democracy kammal pen Greek kammal​​ Demokratia​​ pan hong pai hi a,​​ Demos​​ kici​​ mipi​​ leh​​ Kratos​​ kici​​ kiukna​​ kigawmin ‘Mipi’ thuneihna, Mipi’ ukna, Mipi’ kumpi’ cih deihna nei hi. Tua manin US Kumpi lui Abraham Lincoln (1860-65) in democracy pen ‘Mipite phattuam nadingin, mipite’ deihna bangin mipite’ kiukna’ na ci hi. Tua democracy pen mipite’ suahtakna (Freedom) tungah kilam kiukna ahih banah, mikim in lungsim leh khuak pilna nei teek leng ahoih pen hi a, kumpi kici mimal tungah sangin a thu tungah a dingzaw kiukna ahi hi. Democracy ii thubulpite in: Mipi sungah thuneihna om hi, mipi’ deih leh thukimna bang bekin gam kalsuan ding, mi tamzaw deih bangin kiuk khawmin mi tawmzawte’ deihna thupisim ding, mikim neih pianpih hamphatnate thusim ding, kiteelna siangthosak in kiciansak ding, thukhun maiah mi khempeuh liangko kikim ding, thukhun tawh mipite leh kumpite thuneihna ciangtan ding, mipite suakta takin pulak theihna, gelh theihna leh biak theihna pia ding, mimal kizopna, sumlepaai zonna leh gamvai sepnate ah lampi tampi zangin mipi lungsim tawh kipawlkhawm, sem khawm, hamphatna ngahsak khawm ding, cihte ahi hi.

Democracy Kumpi Hoih

Leitung ah Democracy ki-ukna a zang masa penpenin Greek mite hi a, BC 508 in Greek gam sunga Athens khuamite in hong pankhia uh hi. Athens mite in amau’ deih makaite mee pia in teel uh a, ki-ukna thukhun zong mipi’ deih bangin khung uh hi. Tua hun lai-a amau zat pen direct democracy zia hi a, tuhun hileh Switzaland gam sunga om Canton ah leh gam dang pawlkhat munte ah zong kizang lai in, adang democracy zia pen representative democracy ahi hi. Democracy gam hoih leh kumpi hoih hihnaziate tampi a om lak panin a thubulpite in (1) gammi khempeuh in gammi hihna thupha (Right) ngah kim ding, (2) gammi khempeuh suakta ding, (3) gammite suahtakna leh hihna khempeuh a kem ding upadi om ding cih thu thum pen a thupipen hi. Abanzom ah democracy kumpi hoih ii pianziate hih a nuai a bang ahi hi.

•  ​​ ​​​​ Thukhun Ukna (Rule of Law):​​ Democracy kumpi hoih in gammite (Political citizenship) tungah a kipia mipi’ thupha (Right), thukhun (Law) leh tavuante (Responsibilities) theihsak ding a kisap bangin a kikhungsa thukhun tungah​​ kuamah omlo ahihna theihsak ding kisam hi. Thukhun ukna in suahtakna, kikimna leh thuman (Justice) tungah kinga a, mihingte’ pianpih neih thuphate zahtakna tawh theihpih in kepsak hi. Mi khempeuh thukhun nuaiah biakna, minam, pau leh ngeina, cilesa kideidanna om loin a kikim hamphatna, kitheihpihna leh kikepsakna om ding thupi hi. Communist leh Galkap kiukna sungah thukhun pen amau thuneih nading, khantoh nading hi bek a, mipite’ hamphat nading hilo hi. Hih bang kiukna sungah makaite in thukhun tungah om uh hi. 1215 Kumin England gam a kipulakkhia “The Magna Carta” thukimna tungtawnin “The Rule by Law” cih kammal hong piangkhia a, hih thukimna sungah thukhun in kumpi leh gam makaite’ septheihnate hong ciangtansak in, kumpi in gammite thukhun tawh kituak loin bangmah cih theih lo ding cih thuhoih hong suakkhia hi. Kumpite ahi zongin, mipite khempeuh ahi zongin a kikhungsa thukhun nuai-ah thukhun bangin kimakaih, kinungzuih siam ding pen democracy kumpi hoih leh gammi hoih hihna ahi hi.

• Thukhun Bawl Theihna:​​ Gampaizia (Politics) cih pen thuneihna buainate (Problems of Power) a len leh a siangsak nasep hi. Gampaizia thuneihna pen lian mahmah ahih zah khatin zong kizang khial thei hi (Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely). Tua manin Democracy kiukna ah thuneihna pen panmun khatciat ah kihawm siam ding kisam a, tua thuneihnate lampi man bangin zat theih nadingin thukhun bawlin a kibawl thukhun bangin thuneihna a zang a khangto gam leh gammi hih theihna ding ciangdong makaih theihna pen kumpi hoihzia ahi hi. Gammi khempeuh in mipi ading phattuamna pialo thukhunte phiatkhia in thukhun hoih geelin kipsak theihna thuneihnate mipi deih bangin sepsak ding ahi hi.

• Ukna Thuneihna:​​ Democracy kiukna sungah gam kiuk thuneihna zangin gampaizia khempeuh a makai kumpi pen mipite in direct teelin panmun a piak ahi hi. Tua manin kumpi in gam khantoh nadingin amau mah a thupipen lutang hong suak uh a, gampaizia a nop nadingin nasep zum (office) tuamtuamte phuankhia in vuanzi-te koih ding, gam bit nadingin ​​ galkapte leh palik-te nei ding, gam ii kumsim sumlut sumzat sazian bawl ding, gam sung phattuam nading a sem department tuamtuamte leh kipawlnate thapia ding, gampua gamdangte tawh politics kizopnate hoihtak sem ding, gam ii thukhen zumte koih ding, Hluttaw a len dingin gam sitnipi a kipan Hluttaw sitni dangdangte koih in Hluttaw theihpihna la ding hi. Hih bangin kumpi in thukhun bawl theihna, uk theihna, thukhen theihna thuneihnate kikimleek (check and balance) theihna pen kumpi hoih hihna ahi hi.

• Thukhen Thuneihna:​​ Democracy kiukna a picingsak leh thuneihna kip nading a kisam thupi khat leuleu in “suakta takin thukhen theihna” ahi hi. Gam ii ukna leh thukhun bawl theihna in thukhenna tungah ukna nei lo dinga, thukhen zumin gam ii thukhun tawh leh adang thukhunte tawh kituakin suakta takin thukhen ding uh ahi hi. Cihnopna ah thukhente in sumbawlte’ sawlna, kumpite’ deihna, biakna makaite’ hutnate pen suakta in mi khempeuh thukhun nuai-ah a kibang hamphatna​​ ngahsak ding hi. Hih bang thukhenna neih nadingin makaih zawhna pen kumpi hoih hihna ahi hi.​​ 

• Kiteelna:​​ Democracy gam hoih leh kumpi hoih kilatsakna thupi dang khat leuleu in ‘kiteelna’ ahi hi. Mipite’n amau deihna suakta takin pholakkhiat theih nadingin a kisam kiteelna pongman bawlsak ding kisam hi. Mipite’n amau deih gam paizia leh makaite teel ding hi. Tua bang hihna sungah galvan leh thuneihna tawh mee tuh om thei ahih manin kumpi in kiteelna ah thumanna, cihtakna leh kiteelna thukhun tawh hoihtak encik ding kisam hi. Kuamah peuh biakna, ngeina, minam deidanna om loin suakta takin kiteelna ah kihel thei ding hi. Hih bangin gammi khempeuh kihel theih ding kiteelna bawl theihna pen kumpi hoih hihna ahi hi.

• Suahtakna: Democracy kiukna pen mipi sungah thuneihna omin, mipi’ deihna bangin kumpite’n gam ukna ahih bangin mipite tungah ‘bukim suahtakna (Right and freedom)’ neisak ding ahi hi. Mipi in gam tawh kisai khempeuh ah suakta takin kihel thei, pulak thei, genkhia thei hi. Pasian piak mikim neih pianpih suahtakna pen kumpite’n letcip sak lo dinga, thukhun tawh hoihtak kemsap in mipite khempeuh gam kilamna sungah suakta takin kihelsak theihna pen kumpi hoih hihna ahi hi.

• Federal ukna: Minam, pau, ngeina leh biakna kibang lo minamte gampaizia tawh kizui ahi zongin, minam vai tawh ahi zongin liangko kikimin gam khat sungah kilem takin om theih nadingin “Federal State” tawh kalsuanna lohgal gampaizia hoih om lo ci-in mipilte’n gen uh hi. Gtn. USA gam pen gamkee 50 tawh kilam kiuk in sen gam zong Hong Kong, Macau cih bangin gamkee tawh kilam kiuk tamahleh bangmah buaina a om lohna in gampi leh gamkee thuneihna kihawm theihna (Division of Power between Federal and State) hang ahi hi. Democracy kumpi hoih leh gam hoih in gamkee te ukcip, ningcip loin amau leh amau ki-uk theihna pia a, ahi zongin a kisam thulela khempeuh gampi in a kisam bangin encik in van denna ahi hi.

Gammi Hoih

Democracy kumpi hoihziate khitciangin a banzom ah democracy kiukna sunga gammi hoih ii pianziate ensuak ding hi hang.

• Democracy gam sungah gammi hoih hihna pen thupi mahmah a, gam khantoh nading leh i nuntak nadingin vai khempeuh ei tangin dingin hong vaihawmsak ding, thuman in tavuan a la zo ding kumpi i teelkul hi. Kumpi kiteelna ah lawp takin kihelkim ciatna pen mipi’ tavuan hi a, i teel kumpite tungah ei mahmah in tavuan i neih kul ahi hi.​​ 

• Democracy kiukna sungah mipi khempeuh in gamvai khempeuh ah kihel in sem thei hi. Ei mahmah kihel in, kiteelna ah zong kidem thei hi. Makaih zawhna leh pilna i neih nakleh gam leh minam adingin gamvai ah kihel ding hi. Tua mah bangin gam in eite hong kisap hunhun in kitangsap​​ bangin kipiakkhiat dingte ihi a, thumanna, cihtakna leh muanhuaina tawh gamvai ah kihel in nuntak ciat ding ihi hi.

• I gam sunga kumpi nasemte’ nasepnate ahi zongin, kiteelnate ah ahi zongin, thuman lo a om leh gammite hangsan takin genkhia ngam, kham ngam in ahoih sep ding hanthawn ding hi. Kumpite cih bangbang a mangden hilo ding hang a, thuman lo khempeuh pholakkhia in lauhna pan a suakta, thuhoih peuhpeuh hangtak a semkhia ngam mipi ihih ding thupi hi.

• Democracy kiukna sungah mipite in hamphatnate (Rights) bek lamen loin tavuante (Responsibilities) zong lak ding kisam hi. Gammi khempeuh in i gamvai khempeuh eima tavuan lak ding hi a, midang leh gamdangte muan ding hilo hi. Mipite in mipi sung leh gam sungah tavuan lakna (Responsibility), tavuan sepna (Accountability), leh muhsiang theihna (Transparency) neih den ding thupi hi.

• Gam ii thukhun leh khalnate (Rules and laws) hoihtak i zuih ding kisam hi. Naupang a kipanin kumpi dongah i thukhun nuai-ah om kimciat ding kisam hi.

• Thukhun nuai pan ei hamphatna i lak bangin midangte’ hamphatnate zong zahtak sak kul hi. ​​ Khat leh khat ki-it, kideihsak in kipawlkhop theih ding ahi hi.

• Democracy kiukna sungah kumpite in na hoihtak leh tangzai takin a sep theih nadingin mipite in siah (tax) diktak in i piakkul bangin thukhunte zui-in sikan nei in, gam daih nading leh gam khantoh nadingin kumpite tawh ma i panpih kul den hi.

• Democracy kiukna sungah mipi in kumpi teelin mipi taangin uk theihna kipiak hangin vai khempeuh kumpite’ sep dingin kibup ap kiukna hi tuan lo hi. Mipite’ kitangsapna thulelate mipite mahin direct in tavuan la-in seppih ding ahi hi.

Thukhupna

Democracy kiukna sungah democracy kumpi hoih leh gammi hoih hihna pen thubaih ahih loh hangin kumpi leh mipite mapang khawm le’ng hun khat limlim ciangin hong piangthei takpi ding ahi hi. Khang khat sungin a picing pah, a nopci pah democracy cih bang om ngei lo a, kumpi leh mipite in kum tampi sung haksatna leh nopna thuak khawm kawmin zun tohtoh ding, puah tohtoh ding ahi hi. Leitung gamte’ khantohzia en lehang adiakdiak in, democracy kiukna a zang gamte mah khangto phadiak ahihna kimu thei hi. Mikang laigelhsiam Benard Shaw in, “A dang kiukna hoih i muhkik mateng in democracy mah zat ding ahi hi,” a cih bangin, India vuanzi lui Jawa Hala Nero in zong, “Democracy mah hoih pen hi. Bang hang hiam cihleh kiukna dangte amah sang siazaw hi,” na ci hi. Gam khat nuntakna sungah democracy ukna pian ding haksa hi. Tua manin​​ eite in i neih democracy kiukna tungtawnin kumpi hoih leh gammi hoih i hih nading hanciam khawm kawm ni. Tua hileh bek i gam democracy ukna hong khangcing semsem dinga, gah hoih gah pha gah semsem in, gam picing, gammi picing i suak semsem ding hi.

Reference​​ :

• Khin Maung Shing,​​ The Rule of Law. Yangon: Myanmar Khet Sarpe, 2013.

• Salai Kipp Kho Lian,​​ Basic Principles of Democracy, Vansangva Online Democracy Training Volume 1. The Chin Forum, 2013.

• Salai Lian Hmung,​​ Building Real Federal Union of State and Democracy Revolution in Today, Speech in 1992, October 30, at Germany, Huberg.​​ 

• Salai Lian Hmung,​​ Principles of Democracy, Yangon: Dhama Light House, 2016.

• Than Win Hlaing,​​ Democracy in Myanmar. Yangon: Eainmakathit Press, 2017.

Laigelh: Kap Za Khai (Photoh),​​ 

Ph. 09258115968

Gmail:​​ Kapkhai123@gamil.com

Address:​​ 

Pyidawtha Baptist Church,​​ 

Pyidawtha Khua.

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