Banghang in Gam Pawlkhat Zawngin Pawlkhat Hau: Kawlgam.

Banghang in Gam Pawlkhat Zawngin Pawlkhat Hau: Kawlgam.

Agelh ~ C.S. Dal

Tuma kum 8  laipawl in laisin in ka om lai in gam tuamtuam pan hongpai sangkah pih lawmte tawh nitak khat kimel theihna ka neikhawm uhhi. Khat leh khat ki meltheih nang thu tuamtuam ka kidong ciat uh a, lawmte khat in nang koi gam pan hong pai nai hia, ci in hong dong hi. Kawlgam pan hi ka cih leh, “aw hi maw, Kawlgam pen zawng mahmah hi lo ai hia mete” hong ci hi. Tua kammal pen tuni dong mah mangngilh thei mahmah lo hi ing.

Kawlgam pen a zawng mahmah gam khat hi takpi mah a, gamkhat hauhna a kigen ciang a kizang pen a hi, mimal neihsa (GDP per capita[1]) tawh en leng, 2015 kum in leitung ah gam 200 val lak pan 190 na mun ah om hi (World Development Indicators, 2017). Kawlgam sang a zawngzaw gam tawmkhat bek om lai hi. 

Kawlgam nisuah na lam ah a om gamveng Thaigam pen 2015 kum in leitung ah 110 na dinmun ah om uh a, gamhau veva hi hetlo uhhi. Ahizong amau tumtak in nuamsa mahmah uhhi. Leitung galpi nihna lai in Japan te tawh kipawl khawm uh a, gal-lel uh ahih man in, galman ciangin liausum tampi tak piakha uh a hamsa sa mahmah uhhi. Tuahun lai in amau dinmun a kician in gentheih na ding sazian (data) a om lianloh hang, Kawlte hauhna tawh a kikim ding in kigen hi. Ahizong, tuni (kum 70 khit ciang) Thaite hauhna leh Kawlte hauhna pen kikhai mahmah mawk hi.

Lim 1. Kawlte leh Thaite Gambup Sumzat (Sumneih) Vekpi  Etkak Na

Source: World Development Indicators 2017, World Bank

Atung a lim en leng, 2012 kum leh 2015 kum sung teng Thai gambup vekpi sumzat (sumneih) pen Kawl gambup sang tam zaw thamtham hi. Kawlgam sang in a zah giat val bang in hau zaw uhhi. 2015 kumin Kawlgam bupin US dollar mak 62 (US$62billion) kim nei (zang) uh a, Thaigam bup in mak 395 (US$395billion) kim nei (zang) uhhi.

Lim 2. Kawlte leh Thaite Mimal Hauhna Etkak Na

Source: World Development Indicators 2017, World Bank

Atung a lim in Thaite leh Kawlte mimal khatciat hauhna honglak hi. Thaite mimal khat pen Kawlte khat sang in a zah guk phial bang in hauzaw ciat uhhi. Genteh na in, Kawlte khat in kum khat in sum $1,000 a neih leh Thai te khat in $6,000 nei cih na hi. A tung lim te gel (1 leh 2) in, Thaite pen Kawlte sangin tampi tak hau zaw a hih lam hoihtak in honglak hi.

1.0 Hauhna leh Zawnna Thuzung Te

Leitung gam tuamtuam en leng, hauhna leh zawnna kikim het lohi. Gam pawlkhat te zawng mahmah a, pawlkhat te hau mahmah in, a kikal ah a laihawl zong tampi omhi. North Korea, Sudan, Zimbabwe leh Kawlgam cih te pen gamzawng mahmah pawl hi a, South Korea, Japan, UK (Britain) leh USA cih te pen gamhau mahmah te hi. Hih gamteng etkak leng a ki lamdang na bulpi pen gam ki-uk zia kibang lo hi. 

A masa gamli teng pen mi khat bek ahih kei leh mi pawlkhat bek in a ukcip na gamte hi a, thuneih na (ar-na) khempeuh a mau tung bek ah omhi. Adang gam li teng pen democracy tawh aki-uk gamte hi a, thuneihna pen mipi te tung kinga hi a; makaite​​ pen mipi te telsa vive hi. Hih ki-ukna namnih te in bangci bangin gam zawngsak thei a, bangci bangin hausak theihiam cih anuai ah kikum to suak leng.

1.1 A ki-ukcip gam te ki-ukzia (dictatorship)

Gam ki-ukna thuneihna pen mi khat tung bek ahihkei leh mi pawlkhat khutsung bek ah a om ciang, a lungtup pi pen un mipi te nopsak na ding hi masa lo in, amau thuneihna (ar-na) akip kho nang bek hi masa pen hi. Thuneih na akip kho theih na ding in mipi gawtbawl uh a, alang pang khatpeuh a om leh bawlsia gawpthei lai uhhi. Tua ziak in, kua mah in langpang ngam nawnlo a hihman in a thuneihna uh kipkho in thahat semsem hi. A thuneih na uh honglian semsem ahih man in, thusit ding thukhen ding kua mah om nawn lo a, ut bang deih bang in na hong sem thei uhhi. Mipi te zawng semsem leh uk nop semsem a hih man in, gamsung hauhna teng pen a mau leh amau a pawlpih teng phattuam na ding bek in zang uhhi. Hih bang ki-ukna sung ah, makai te hau mahmah in mipi te a hih leh zawngkhal thei mahmah hi.

Kawlgam ki-uk na ah thuneih na khempeuh pen 1962 kum a kipan in galkap te (galkapmang te) khut sungbek ah om hi a, gamsung hauhna teng khempeuh pen a mau teng leh amau apawl pih teng phattuam na ding bek hong zang uhhi. Tua ziak in a mau teng pen hauh cih takin hau uh a, mipi te pen zawngkhal mahmah hi. Bang zahtak in hau hiam cih leh, 2006 kum November kha in galkap mangpi Than Shwe tanu in pasal nei in mopawi a bawlna ah, US dollar $2,000,000 val zang uh a, ngun leh kham vive tawh tangsak ziahziah uhhi kici hi. Mopawi letsong bekbek pen dollar $50,000,000 val ngah uhhi. Tua hun lai in, Kawlgam ah mi khat in nikhat in dollar $1 zong a kingah zo lo hi. Mopawi letsong teng tawh Tedim gamuk sung khempeuh kum khat val an khamtak in kivak zo ding hi. A taktak in ci leng, khasum bek a ngah ding uhhi a, tua zah liang in hauh theih na ding thu omlo hi.

Tua tawh ki bang mah in, kum 1215 pawl in England gam pen Kumpipa John in a uk hun sung hi.  Tua hun lai in kumpi te pen thunei pen te hi a, galkap te leh mipi te in amau cih bangbang in nasem uhhi. Thunei pen a hihna tawh kizui in Kumpipa John in a ut bang in gamta hi. Siahsum te ut zahzah ngen, a pia nuam lo, a pia zolo te thongkhia, that cih bang in a om ciang in, galkap te in diksa nawnlo in, hong langpan uhhi. Galkap teng in hong langpan ciang a cih na ding thei nawn lo in, ki lemna laikhat hong bawl uh a, tua pen ‘Magna Carta’ ci in England gam ki-uk na ah mualsuang pi khat hongsuak hi. ‘Magna Carta’pen England gam ah democracy tawh ki-uk nang kipat na hi a, kumpite thuneih na khiam (tawmsak) in mipi te thuneihna khangsak hi. Tua pan hong kipan to in, England gam pen hong khangto mahmah a, tuni in leitung ah gamhau pen khat hong suak hi.  

1.2 Democracy tawh ki-ukzia

Mihing pen thuneih na lianlua leh a hoihlo lam in kizang khial thei hi cih pen kitel siang hi. Tua a hih man in, Democracy tawh ki-ukna gam te ah thuneih na pen​​ mikhat/ mi pawlkhat khutsung bek ah a omloh na ding in ciangtan/ khaktan uhhi. Tua bang in a khaktan theihna ding in, thuneih na pen mun thum ah khen khia uhhi. Tua mun thum teng in, 1) gam-ukna lam makaite; 2) thukhun thukham bawlte; 3) thukhen zumte hi.  

Gam makaite in gam uk nasem uh a, a hizong in a utbang in a gamtat theihloh na ding in zuihding thukhun thukham ki ciantak in nei uhhi. A lianpen kumpi a kipan a neupen dong in thukham a ki bang in zuihloh phamawh hi. Thukhun thukham a zui lo, a palsat khat peuh a om leh a kolbulh ding in palik te om a, mawhmaw mawhlo cih thusit thukhen ding leh dan a pia ding, thukhen zumpi te nei uhhi. Genteh na in, gam-uk makai pipa in a ma khasum bek hi lo in a kilawm lo pi in sum (cianphan) a neih khak leh, a hihkei leh, a ki lawmlo pipi in a gamtat khak leh palik ten hong man ding uh a, thu khen zum ah thusit na nei uhhi. A khialhna a ki muh leh thukhen zum ten thongkia sak in danpia thei uhhi.

Nung deuh mah in zong South Korea te in a gam makai pinu a hi, Park Geun-hye pen a kumpi thuneih na pan khawl sak uhhi. Makai pinu Park Geun-hye in kum 2016 sung in a ma kumpi thuneih na khengval in angsung phattuam na ding in na hong sem a hih man in, 2016 December kha in Parliament[2] in makai pinu deihnawn lo, muangnawn lo cih thukim na nei uhhi. Tua dung zui in, thu sit-tel na ki nei toto a, ki-ukna lam ah alianpen thukhen zum pan in makai pinu Park Geun-hye mawhna hong mu khia takpi a hih man in, 2017 kum March kha sung in kumpi nasep na pan khawlsak pah uhhi.

Democracy ki-ukna sung ah kua mah deidan omlo, mi khempeuh in thukhun thukham zuih loh phamawh a hih man in sepna peuh ah cihtakna kisam hi. Gam ukna te hita leh nisim nuntak na ding sumzawn na te ah hita leh zuau tam lo (om sam na ven), guktat na zong tawm zaw pahhi. Tua hi a, angsung phattuam na ding sang in mipi phattuam na ding in na ki sem zaw pah a hih man in, gam khangto in hau zaw pah hi.

1.3 Kamkupna

Atung a thu teng et kik ciang, gamkhat khantohna ding, hauhna ding in gam ki-uk zia thupi mahmah a hih lam hong telsak hi. Thuneihna lianlua leh lauhuai thei a, mipi phattuam na ding sang in makai te in amau angsung phattuam na dingbek in na hong sem zaw thei uhhi. Tua hi a, gam khat hi ta leh kipawlna khat peuh ah makai te thuneihna te aki ciangtan theih ding thupi hi. Tua bang ciangtan theihna thukhun hoih kisam a, tua thukhun pen a neu pen pan a lian pen dong in zahtak theih ding leh zuih theih ding zong kisam hi.  

Tua leh Thaite pen Kawlgam sang hauzaw cih thu atung ah gensa hi a, banghang hauzaw cih thu a nuai ah tawmkhat kikum in zom to suak leng.  

2.0 Kawlgam leh Thaigam Etkak Na

Tuma kum 70 pawl in Thaite dinmun leh Kawlte dinmun kikim hi a, Thaite zong Kawlgam mah bang in gam ki-ukna hoih khin lo hi. Leitung galpi nihna a kipan tuni dong mah gamthu tawh a buai kinken gamkhat hi. Democracy tawh ki-uk zel, galkap ten ukzel cih bang in a khel toto hi a, a nunung pen 2014 kum in galkap te in thuneih na la leuleu uh a, tuni ciangdong mah uk laitak uhhi. Gamvai tawh buai den himah tase leh banghang in tuni in Thaite pen Kawlgam sangin khangto zaw in hauzaw mawk hiam cih gen theihna ding in, Thai kumpi sumzat zia leh Kawl kumpi sumzat zia en leng kimu khia thei pen hi.

Lim 3. Kawl Kumpi  leh Thai Kumpi Sumzatzia Etkakna (2015 GDP%)

Source: World Development Indicators 2017, World Bank

Gamkhat khantoh na ding in mipi cidam ding leh pilna siamna a khantoh na ding nakpi takin kisam hi. Hi mah ta leh, atung a lim en leng, Kawl kumpi in cidam na (zato, zatui, zaha, siavuan, siama cih te) leh pilna sinna (sang, university leh adang siamsin na tuamtuam) lam ah sum tawm khat bek zang uh a, a mau thuneihna a kipkho nang in galkap leh galvan leina in sum tam zang pen uhhi. 2015 kum in cidam na lam ah gambup sumzat vekpi lakpan 2% (100 ah 2), pilna sinna ding in 1% (100 ah 1) val deuh leh galvan leina ding 4% kim zang uhhi.

Thai kumpi in mipi cidam na ding leh pilna siamna sinna ding in sum tam zang (6% val) pen uh a, galkap leh galvan leina ding in sum tawm (1% val) zang pen uhhi. Pilna sinna ding in a sumzat vekpi lak pan 4% valzang uhhi. A summal in genleng, anuai abang in kimu thei hi.

Lim 4. Kawl Kumpi leh Thai Kumpi Sumzatzia Etkak Na (2015 sum tang)

Source: World Development Indicators 2017, World Bank

2015 kum in Kawlgam bup sumneih vekpi pen US dollar in $62 billion (mak 62) kim hi a, tua kum mah in Thaigam bup sumneih vekpi pen US dollar $395 billion kim hi. Tua aneih zah (azat zah) vekpi lakpan in Kawl kumpi in mipi cidamna ding in US dollar $1 billion ($62bn ii 2%) val deuh, pilna sinna dingin US dollar billion lang $0.6bn val ($62bn ii 1%) leh galkap leh galvan leina ding in US$2.5 val ($62bn ii 4%) zang uhhi.

2015 kumsung in Thai kumpi in cidamna lam ah $25 billion kim ($395 ii 6%), pilna sinna ding in $18 billion kim, galkap leh galvan leina ding in $5 billion val zang uhhi. Tua a hihman in mipi cidam na ding leh pilna siamna sin na thupi sak uh a hih lam kilang mahmah hi. Mipi te cidam na hoih zaw pah in pil zaw siam zaw pah a hih man in, gam khangto zaw pah cih na hi.

3.0 Thukhup Na

Gamkhat a khantoh na ding, gam ki-ukzia thupi mahmah hi. Tua bang ki-ukna sung ah makai te in thuneih na a val in azat theih loh na ding dal ding ciangtan ding a kisap na te kimu theihi. Tua bang in khaktan/ ciangtan theihna ding in thukhun thukham kisam hi. Thukhun thukham khat peuh a ki bawl ciang in makai teng bek leh mi pawlkhat bek phattuam nang hi lo in, mipi tam theithei phattuam na ding in bawl ding zong kisam hi. A kibawl thukhun thukham te pen a neupen a lianpen dong in zahtak ding leh zuihding kisam hi. A palsat a om leh a sittel ding leh dan apia thei ding mi pawlkhat zong kisam hi. Tua bang in hoihtak in thukham a ki zuihkim theih ciang, nasep  nate ah thuman na, cihtak na leh kuhkal na te om thei pan in, khat leh khat kimuan na zong khangsak hi.  

Mipi te lampan in zong pumpi cidam ding leh pilna siamna a khangtoh na ding kisam mahmah hi. Gam khangto khempeuh in cidam na leh pilna sinna ding sum tampi tak zang kim uhi. Kawlgam (ki pawlna khat peuh) zong a khantoh nang makai te khempeuh in mipi te cidam na leh pilna siamna khantoh nang thupi pen lam ah hong ngaihsut sak dan ding leh thugel na (policy planning) te ah a bulpi in hong koihsak ding kisam hi. Makaite in thu leh la, sum leh paai tawh thapiak ding leh panpih ding zong tampi tak in kisam hi. Mipi cidam ludam in sepna peuh ah hong pil hongsiam kim hi leh, gam leh minam phattuam na ding hi pah a, khantoh ding pelmawh hi pah hi.

[1] GDP per capita – a cih pen gamkhat sung ah mimal khat neihsa genna in ki zang a, gamkhat a hauhna na tehkak na in zang pha diak hi. Gambup hauhna (sum neih vekpi) a hi Gross Domestic Product pen gambup a om mi phazah vekpi tawh hawm le cin ‘GPD per capita’ ki ngah hi.

[2] Parliament cih pen mangkam hi a, tanglai in mipi te khempeuh thu kikup khopna mun, thu khensat na mun cihna hi. Ahizong in tu hun ciang in mipi khempeuh ki om khawmthei nawn lo a, mipi te in a mautang in nasem ding in a telsa a hi, tangmi (Members of Parliament – MP) te thukikupna, thukhensat na mun hi. 

Laigelh Siapa C.S. Dal in Saizang khua Pasian nasem te khawmpi 8-9 May 2017 a ding in a gelh ahi hi.