NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
(1769 – 1821 AD)
Agelh ~ Timothy Simon Pau
Leitung galkap mangpi (General) mithupi te lak ah a thupi pen ding aa-aki ngaihsun, Napoleon min a thei lo mipen mimawl taktak hi ding hi. France gam sim lam, Mediterranean tuipi gei aa a om tuikulh gam neuno khat ahi, ‘Corsica’ a cih na mun ah hong piang khia hi, Italian minam ahih hangin “emperor” (gam tampi tak a uk) minthang, a khe in khatvei hong kalsuan khiat nak leh Europe gambup khempeuh a ling hi a cih liang uh pa pen Napoleon ahi hi. A tha neu ahih manin “little Corporal” (galkap sannih tha neu) ci in a min ding phuah tawmsak uhhi. Emperor ahih sungin thukhun tampi tak ong bawl khia in, kumpi nasep danding tampitak hong geel khia in, tuate pen France gam bek hilo, Europe gam khempeuh a ding in a et teh huai penpen khat hong suak hi.
Napoleon pen Corsica tuikulh gam sung ah, khuapi pen ahi Ajaccio khuapi ah, August 5, 1769 kum in piang hi. Napoleon a pian ma deuh in, hih tuikulh gam pen “Geonese” pawl in France kumpi kiang ah apiak uh gam ahi hi. Napoleon’ Pa ahi Carlo Buonaparte pen thukhun thei mi hi aa, a Nu Letizia Romolino ahih leh numei melhoih mahmah, tup na lian anei mi ahi hi.
Napoleon leh a u pa ahi Joseph te gel in a sawt lo in, France gam Autun mun ah lai hong sin uhhi. Hih khit ciangin Napoleon in Brienne Military College ah kum nga sung Sang hong kah hi. Paris khuapi sung aa om Military Academy Sang ah zong kumkhat hong kah leuleu hi. Hih a sangkah sung in a Pa gilsung cancer nat na tawh hong si hi. Napoleon te unau (8) tengpen a Nu Letizia in haksa pipi in hong kemto hi. A tapa u pa pen ahih loh hangin, Nepoleon pen kum (16) bek aphak a kipan in innkuan sung vai hong hawm kul ta hi. Kum 1785, September kha tak ciangin Military Academy a laiphi na, awngsazian (result) hong suak in, sangnaupang 58 lakpan in 42 na ngah hi.
Military College Sang hong zawh khit ciangin, galkap mangpi (Junior officer) te kisin na mun, La Fere ah Second Lieutenant (bawk khat) za ah koih uhhi. Kum 1786, Semtember kha in, Corsica ah a khuan hong ciah pak in, June 1788 kumtak ciangin a nasep na mun ah hong pai kik hi. Hih hunlai tak in French Revolution (French taw lan zi) hong kipat lai tak hun ahi hi. Voltaire leh Rousseau te gelh laibu te sim den in, a tunglampan in gamsung ki uk na bawlphat huai mahmah na hong ngaihsun kha hi.
Kum 1789 tak ciangin French mipi te in langdo (tapong) hong sem taktak ta uh aa, Napoleon zong Corsica ah hong ki leh kik hi. Corsican tapong pawl makai pi Paoli in Napoleon pen hong mu thei vetlo pah hi. Tua hangin Napoleon zong France ah hong ki leh kik phot hi. Kum 1791 April kha tak ciangin thaupi pua galkap (artillery) pawl te lak ah First Lieutenant (Bawk nih) za ki pia in kisem sak hi. Valence ah a pawl te in sakhan (camp) hong nei uhhi. Hih lai mun ah a om laitak in, “Jacobin” pawl te lak ah ong lut hi.
“Jacobin” pen political party, ukpi thuneih na a kiamsak nuam pawl ahi hi. A sawtlo in Valence ah, Jacobin pawl makai pi hong hi ta aa, milian te pawl, siampi te leh siadaw (Bishop) ten, zak nop a sak theihtheih ding in thu hong gen den hi.
Kum 1791, September kha in, kha thum sung a khuan la in Corsica ah hong ciah hi. A na sep na mun ah hong pai kik thei mahmah lo ahih manin, galkap taimang te min ki khum na sung ah amin zong hong ki khum hi. Ahih hangin, France kumpi in Austria do ding hong tangko khia ahih manin, a mawhna kimai sak aa, tua ban ah Captain (bawk thum) za ki pia lai hi. France gam ah hong pai kik tei hangin, a nasep hong zom nuam lo ahih manin, 1792 kum October kha takciang Corsica ah hong ciah kik hi.
Hih hun lai in Paoli pen Corsica tuikulh gam sung khempeuh ah thunei pi pen ahi hi. Tuaban ah France gam pan in Corsica lakkhiat sawm in ma hong la hi. Napolean Corsican Jacobin pawl te lak ah hong lut in, Paoli pawl te tawh ki langpan uhhi. Buai na hong ki pan toto in, 1793 kum April kha in Corsica tualgal hong piang hi.
Napoleon te innkuan pen Paoli in a mau thu akan khia dingin hong mawhmat ahih manin a innkuan aa ding in hong galmuang nawn lo aa, France gam ah galtai uhhi. Italian kampau in Napoleon te innkuan min pen “Buonaparte” cih hi aa, France gam ah atai uh aa kipan in Frence kampau in “Bonaparte” ci-in kisam uhhi. Kum 1793 June kha in a va hawh khit na galkap te pen “ Nice” mun ah hong zui kik leuleu hi.
Napoleon pen galkap mawl, galdo ding bek angaihsun mi hi lo in, politic mi zong ahi hi. Laibu bawl in, tua a laibu bawl pen “Souper de Beaucaire” cih hi aa, tua laibu sung ah Jacobin pawlsung a lut mi te, mipi thuneih na adin nuampawl te ki kaikhawm aa, ma pan khop ding aki sap zia ki gelh hi. Jacobin pawl te pen Ukpi thu neih na pan in, mipi thuneih na ah a laih nuam pawl te a hi uhhi.
France gam sung mipi tapong (revolution) ah pen, mipi in a ukpi te uh khawlsak in, mipi thuneih na hong din khiat in, National Convention acih in, thuneih na sangpen hong nei hi. Ahih hangin Ukpi lam apang, Ukpi’ uk na nuai aa a omnuam pawl, royalist te tawh hongbuai den uh hi.
Kum 1793, August kha a beikuan lam in National Convention galkap te in “Marseille” khuapi hong la in, ahih hangin “Toulon” kiang ah British galkap leh Ukpi khutnuai aa omnuam pawl (Royalist) galkap te in na khak cip uhhi. Kumpi galkap thaupi tawipawl (Artilery) te makai pi liam ahih manin, a mah a zalaih ding in Napoleon hong seh uhhi. Semtember kha takciang in Napoleon pen Major za ah hong kah to in, October kha tak ciang in Adjutant General za ah ki khangto sak ahih manin, a za khan ki nawh bilbel cih ding hi. Demcember 16 ni in liam na khat hongngah in, a zingsang takciang in British galkap te Toulon pan in hong delh khia uhhi. Hih hun laitak in Napoleon kum (22) bek pha pan ahih hangin, nasep hanciam in, siam thei mahmah aa, December 22 ni takciang in Toulon kido na ah gal hong zo ahih manin Brigadier General za ah ki khan to hi.
Kum 1794, February kha takciang in Italy gam sung aa om France galkap thaupi puapawl (Artilery) te’ makai pi, Commandant vaipuak ki pia hi. Ahih hangin kamsiatna tawh amah adeihsak pa ahi Jacobin makai pi Robespierre hong guallel in, Napoleon zong hong man uhhi. Thong (Jail) sungpan in September kha sung in ki khah khia kik aa, ahih hangin nasep kipia nailo hi. Kum 1795 March kha tak ciang in nasep kipia kik a, ahi zongin hongsem nuam lo aa, a mah kipulak ngiat ding in Paris khuapi ah hong pai khia zawsop hi. Tua hun laitak in a khasum a zahlang bek kipia in, a U Joseph Zi’ nau, Desiree Clara tawh hong ki ngai zaw lai ahih manin, hong khenkhia photphot uhhi. A deihdan nasep lian hong mu lo tua ban ah, a ngaihsut na sanglua ahih manin, mi in ip lah lua khol lo hi. Khatvei bang Turkey Ukpi te khutnuai aa nasep lel ding khawng ngaihsun ngei hih tuak hi.
Directory khutnuai ah:
Gamsung buailai France gam kumpi hong ki laih denkeei in, mizong hong ki laihden aa, Napoleon zong Paris khuapi ah hong taam lai hi. Kum 1795, May kha takciang in, Ukpi khutnuai aa om ding a ut pawl (Royalist) te, tapong (revolution) hong ki pan khia leuleu uhhi. National Convention in Vicomte Paul de Barras pen ama deih bang aa, thuneih na a zatding phalna pia hi. Barras in muan leh suan ding taktak ulian (Officer) mu lo aa, tua ban ah Tonlou kido na ah Napoleon a gualzawh na thu a theihna hangteng tawh Napoleon hong sawl ta in, National Guard makai pi ding in hongkoih uhhi. Royalist tapong (revolution) te in, National Convention paih khiatsawm in, October 5 ni in hong ki pan khia uhhi. Hih mipi hong kipan khia te pen Napoleon leh a pawl te in hong khaktan uh aa, mitampi tak hong kaplum in, National Convention hong honkhia zo uhhi. Mipi thuneih na tawh kumpi asem te acing akem galkap makai pi zaa ah hong kah to ta hi.
Kumpi thak (Directory) a cih uh pen, mipi in kumpi semding mi te ongtelkhia uh aa, hih kumpi thak ah Napoleon pen galkap lam tawh kisai ngaihsut na pia (Military Adviser) ding in ki seh hi. Nuthawi melhoih mahmah, ngaihno a zong lai khat ahi Josephine tawh hong ki thei uhhi. Josephine pen General Beauharnais’ (reign of terror hun lai aa a lu aki tansak) Zi, tanu nih neikhin, itna huihkhi a nungsak zo mahmah khat ahi hi.
Lawm zong hong ngai khin ta in, a ma a ding in hunthak hong ki hong ta hi. Kum 1796, March kha takciang in Italy gam aa om France galkap pawl makai pi, Commander – in – Chief dingin ki teel hi. Hih nasep a ngahtheih na ding in kal bangzah dinghiam khat sung ma hongla in, tuaban ah Italy gam ki ukdan ding a gel te pen, Directory in a pomsak, a sansak a lawhcin sak na ding in, a mahmah aki sehpen lungdam phadiak kha ding hi. March ni 9 takciang in Josephine tawh, hong kiteeng uh aa, ni nih khitciang in Italy gam lam zuan in hong pai uhhi.
Napoleon in Italy gam sung aa om Frence galkap munpi (camp) hong tung in, galkap bu (officer) za lianpipi te in, amakai pi thak pa uh zahpih mahmah hih tuak uhhi. Khangno kum (25) bek aphapan, thaneu lenglang, gawng leh a sapan dildel mahmah, a san na pen 5’4” bek apha, natna lungno a vei mel zong pua lailai hi. Hong ki kaikhawm uh aa, a Zi thak maan (photo) te lak in en sak in, galkap mangpi (officer) pawl in thupi sa vetlo hih tuak hi. Ahih hangin, Napoleon pen a upmawh bangdan uh hi vetlo in, a sawtlo khat ciangin, “Supreme Commander” thupi mahmah a neihlam uh hong kithei khia uhhi.
Italy gam aa om France galkap kiphual na (Camp) mun pi pen “Nice” ahi hi. Laisung ah galkap phazah (43000) in ki gelh aa, ataktak in bel (30000) bek pha mialmial cih hong thei kha pah lian hi. Galkap te in khasum ngah mel lo uh aa, nek lim lo in, za tui za ha zong ngahmel lo uhhi. Kum 1796, March 28 ni tak ciang in hi bang in thu hong gen khia hi. “Galkap te aw, hoihtak in hong ki don lo in, a genthei mahmah ih hihi…. Ahih hangin, a hau gam te khuapi thupi mahmah te pen ih khutnuai ah hong kun ding uhhi. Tua hun tak ciangin vangneih na, thu pit na, hauhna te in hong buak ding hi. Italy gam sung aa om galkap te aw, hangsan na leh thanopna kisam ding ih hi hiam?” ci hi.
Napoleon in hong ma kaih pen “gualzawh na sung ah hong lut in, hong gualzo to zel” uh hi. Austria leh Saidinia galkap te hong zo a, Turin lam zuan in hong pai laitak un, Sardinia ukpi pa King Victor Amadeus III in kilem na bawl ding hong ngen hi. May 5 nitak ciangin Paris kilem na hong bawl uh aa, Nice leh Savoy pen France te aa hong suak ta hi. Austrian pawl te khutsung pan in “Milan” hong la kik uh aa, Duke of Parma, Duke of Modena leh Pope Pius VI te tawh, kilem na tawh kisai lai hong bawl uhhi.
Napoleon in Italy gampen hoihtak in hong sin in, mipi thuneih na tawh kumpi din hong sawm hi. Lombardy ah mipi thuneih na kumpi hong phut in, gam makai ding aseh te pen kician mahmah in makaih ding thu hong pia hi. Modena, Reggoi nell’Emilia, Bologna, Frerera te kipawl sak in Cisalpine Republic hong phuan khia hi. Tuaban ah, France te alang do (tapong) te in alak sak uh Corsica gam zong, la kik ding in galkap te kuan sak hi.
Austrian galkap te pen Alps mual pan in hong pai in Mantua la kik ding in li vei tak bang hong kuankhia uh aa, Napoleon in hong zo mang in, a li vei na 1797 kum, January kha takciang in Mantua hong la zo uh hi. Hih khit ciang in Vienna lam hong zuan in, khuapi tun ma (Km 60) agamlat na mun ah, aom lai tak in, Austrian sawltak (palai) te hong tung in, ki lem na a bawlpih na ding in hong zol uhhi. Hih kilem na hong bawl na pan un, Austria in Netherlands simlam gam France te kiang ah hong pia aa, Napoleon in a bawl Lombard Republic zong hong sansak thei uhhi.
Kum 1797 Assembly kitel na ah Ukpi khutnuai a ut pawl (royalist) pen upmawh na sangin hong hatzaw mawk uhhi. Directory te kiang ah, royalist pawl do dingin ngaihsut na hongpia uh aa, a ki tangsap leh tha gum hatna zong azat ding hongngen hi. July kha, royalist pawl hepkhiat hongsawm na pen hong lawhcing zolo uhhi. Napoleon a hehsuak lua in, Gen.Pierre Augereau makaih galkap bangzah dinghiam khat Paris khuapi ah pai sak hi. Gen.Pierre Augereau in September 4 ni takciang in, royalist pawl hong hemkhia aa, tua hang in Napoleon a min hong hoih mahmah hi.
Tua hunlai tak in, Austria pen, German gamsung ah a hatpen hi in, Italy gamsung ah gam tampi tak nei hi. Napoleon in, Austria tawh kilem na thu bawlphat ding honggel in, a deih danlian in kilem na thukhun hongbawl pha aa, Austria tawh kilem na, hong nei thak kik thei uhhi. Hih kilem na pen Treaty of Campo Formio kilem na ci hi. Hih kilem na pan in, Austria pen Venice pia in, Rhine luipi gei langkhat zong pia hi. Directory pen a deihdan ahih lian loh hang in, Napoleon pen France mipi in thupisa in, amin hongthang semsem hi.
Hih hunlai tak in Director pawl in British tuikulh do ding hong ut uh aa, ahih hangin Napoleon in British tui galkap te zawhzawh pak ding hi kei cih hong thei hi. Tua hangin Bristish hatna bulpi, India tawh a kizop na pen suksiat sak hongsawm hi. Egypt hong do in, hih munpan in British pawl khaktan in, England sumbawl na suksiat sak hong sawm uhhi.
Kum 1798, June 10 ni-in Malta hong la in, July 1 ni-in Alexandria khuapi hong la kik uh aa, Nile luigei, leihoih na gampen sawtlo hunsung khat in hongla gai siangmang zo uhhi. Ahih hangin British Admiral Horatio Nelson leh a pawl te in Abou Qir kido na, Battle of the Nile acih na mun ah France galkap te hong zo uh hi. Egypt a laak hang un, tuipi pan in British pawl in na khaktan cip zo uh hi.
Nile luipi kido na mun ah Napoleon galkap te guallel in hong om tak uh ciang in, Napoleon zong ki zo thei veve ei cih hong theihtak uh ciang un, a galte zong thalawp thei mahmah uhhi. Great Britain, Austria, Russia leh Turkey te in kipawl na thukim na hong bawl in France do ding, hong tangko kik uh hi.
Napoleon a kizawh takciang in Frane gamsung thuneih na pen hong buai nuainuai mai hi. Director pawl te lak ah mithak, Emmanuel Sieyes in galkap kumpi a kiphuat kei leh Ukpi thuneih na mah France gam sung ah hong om kik dingin ummawh hi. Napoleon in zong mipi thuneih na a puk dekdek, a bei dekdek dingin hong ummawh ta hi. Tuaban ah France kumpi thuneih na laksak ding hun a lem mahmah laitak hi ding hi cih um ahih manin Paris khuapi ah hong ki leh kik ding hong khentat hi. Directory in zong Paris ah akileh kik ding in vaikhak aa, ahih hangin mulo citciat hi. British galkap te theihloh in tuipi hong kantan in, Kum 1799, October 4 ni in Paris hongtung thei hi.
Sieyes leh Napoleon te kipawl khawm in, Director pawl khawl sak in, kumpi thak CONSULATE acih uh hong phuan khia hi. Hih kumpi thak ah pen “Consul” thum om in, Napoleon Bonaparte, Sieyes leh Pierre Roger Ducos te ahi hi. Hih bang dan kumpi pen tanglai in Rome pawl in lawhcing tak in zangkhin ngei uh aa, France gam mipi in zong sangthei pah hi leh ki lawm hi.
Consul pawl uk na
Tun ah pen Napoleon zong kum (30) hong cing ta hi. Thaneu mahmah, sapan leh gawng mahmah hi. Ahih hangin mipi in thupi ngaihsut in, muang mahmah uhhi. Galdo na ah tamvei pi tak gualzawh na la khin in, Campo Formio kilem na thupi mahmah a bawlkhin pa ahi hi. France tapong (Revolution) tapa taktak, Voltaire’ tapa taktak hi mai hi.
Hih Kumpi thak pen galkap kumpi cih ding hi mai hi, ahih hangin Gam thukhunpi (Constitution) sung pan in ki langhsak lo hi. Consul lak aa mikhat, Sieyes in hih thukhunpi (Constitution) hong gelhkhia aa, Kum 1799 December 25 ni in hih thukhunpi French kumpi in hong kipsak ta hi.
Hih thukhun thak ah Consul lianpen (First Consul) kiang ah thuneih na limpiak mahmah aa, a seppih Consul dang nih te ahih leh, a min bek aa akihel hi mai uh hi. First Consul, Napoleon in Vuanzi (minister), General, kumpi thunei dang te, thukhen mang (magistrate) te leh Council of State member te leh thukhun bawl te (Legislative Assembly) ki teelna tawhkisai thute ah, thu nei mahmah hi. Hih gam thukhunpi pen (1800) kum takciang in, mipi in deih taktak maw deih taktak lo cih theih na ding khat hong bawl uh aa, mipi in deihtakpi hi cih thu in, zolua zaw ahih manin ki kipsak ta hi.
Gamsung puahphat nasep
Napoleon in gamsung ki ukna tuamtuam bawlpha in, mipi thukhun (civil law) a bawlpen “Code napoleon” ci in min vawh aa, thukhun minthang mahmah khat hi in, French Revolution (French Tapong) pawl in a bawlkhiat uh thukhun khempeuh lak ah ahoih pen hi kha ding hi. Tuaban ah thau, galhiam lam zong hoihtak in kibawl pha kik hi. Galkap akua ma peuh, nasep a hahkat na leh thuneih na in a cin nak aa leh zalian pen dinmun ah zong kah to thei hi.
Consulate nuai ah kido na
Napoleon in French galkap te hoihtak in pan tah mahmah hi. Kum 1800, June kha in, Austrian pawl te pen Italy gam aa om Marengo kido na mun ah hong zo uh aa, December kha takciang in amau gam taktak ahi Germany ah hong zo leuleu uhhi. Kum 1801, February kha takciang in Luneville kilemna bawl uh aa Rhine, Alps leh Pyrenees te France gamgi a ding in hong pom thei ta uh hi.
Tun ah, Great Britain bek leigalkap hong nei uh aa, Britain in zong ki do khamlua mahmah ta uh ahih manin, kum 1801 October kha takciang in London ah kilem na ding lai hong bawl uhhi. Ki lem na taktak pen 1802, March 27 ni in ah Amiens mun ah hong bawl uhhi.
Europe khua mualpi sungah kilem na leh lungmuan na hong om in, Napoleon zong hong minthang vangvang ta hi. French mipi in zong Pasian bang liang in thupi ngaihsut ngel ding uhhi. A lawm te in ama tung ah mipi alungdam theih mahmah na lahkhiat na khat pawi bawl ding ngaihsut na hong pia uhhi. Kum 1802, May kha takciang in, Napoleon pen a damsung teng Consul ding in ih deih hiam? cih dotna ding in, French mipi ngaihsut na lak na ding in mee(vote) khia sak ziahziah uhhi. Hong cinglua kisa, adamsung teng “Consul” ding in leh a mah a za alaih theiding mizong a gel theih na ding hong bawl ta uhhi.
Napoleon huai ham na, tawp cih om lo hi. Europe gam phellang khat pen France sumbawl na ding in hong khaam sawm in, tuipi tung ah British pawl demzawh sawm in, Meditterranean tuipi hong uk sawm hi. Tuaban ah, San Domingo tuikulh leh Louisiana te pen France ading in lak kik hong sawm in, Piedmont pen France gam a ding hong khaam hi. Hih bek hi lo in, Europe khua mualpi pen, a khutnuai ah koih ding hong sawmngiat hi. Kilem na thukim na a om laipi mah in, France in gam a kekkek mawk pen British kumpi in theisiam thei lo hi. Malta mun ah buaina hong piangkhia in, a kikal uh hong kisia kik ahih manin Kum 1803, May kha tak ciang in Britain pawl in France a do ding uh thu hong tangko khia ta hi.
Emperor ding in kibawl
Britain kumpi in Ukpi lam, pang pawl ahi Royalist pawl hong huh kik ta uh aa, Kum 1804 tak ciang in Napoleon thah sawm te ki man khia ta hi. French palik (police) te in a Ukpi lui uh ahi Bourbon Ukpi innkuan sungmi, tangval Duc d’Enghian pen France gamgi bul Germany pan in hong man khia uh aa, si ding in thukikhen sak in, ki kaplum hi. Hih hang in Royalist pawl te a heh uh hongsuak thei mahmah uhhi.
France kumpi palik (police) makai pi, Fouche in Napoleon kiang ah, Ukpi gamsung ah thu neih den theih na ding in, nang Emperor hi le cin, na tu na ta te khang gui dong in Ukpi hi den ding hi uh teh. Tua dan hong hi leh nang hong ki thah nop na lungsim hong beipah ding hi, ci in ngaihsut na hong pia hi. Napoleon deih dan zong ahi hi. Tua khitzawh ciang in Kum 1804, May 24 in France gam pen, Ukpi gam (Empire) ding in hong tangko khia ta hi.
Pope Pius VII, Paris ah hong samto in, December 2 ni in, Natre Dame mun ah Ukpi lukhu kikhuk sak na pawi thupi mahmah khat hong bawl sak ta hi. Pope in Ukpi lukhu khusak ta in ciai ci in, mipi in a up mawhlai tak un, Pope khut tungpan in ukpi lukhu la khia in, a mah leh a mah ki khusak ziau mawk hi.
Britain te tawh kido na:
Napoleon’ gallian pen Great Britain hi den hi. Lei lam ah pen Napoleon kua mah in zozo thei lo uh hi. Tuipi tung a hih leh pen Britain kua mah in zo thei lo uhhi. Tua hang in Britain zawh theih na ding in tuipi kantan in, a mau gamsung ah lut ngiat in va do ding kisam ahih manin, Napoleon in zong gunkuang khempeuh hong kaikhawm ta hi. Gunkuang 2000 (tulnih) kiim ding kaikhawm thei in, ahih hang in British gunkuang tawh teh na in, sahang lak ah gam ui bang bek hi lel mawk hi. Spanish gunkuang pawl kitangsam ahih manin Spain te kiang ah British do ding thu tangko sak hi.
Kum 1805, October 21 ni takciang in, French leh Spanish gunkuang te pen, British gunkuang, Admiral Nelson makaih pawl te in Cape Trafalgar mun ah suksiat sak gai mang hi. Napoleon in England hong do zolo mawk hi.
Britain in Austria, Russia, Sweden, Naples te kiang ah, France a do pih na ding un hong zawn hi. Ahih hangin, leilam ah sahang abang, Napoleon pen zawhzawh theih hi lo hi. French galkap te in November 13, 1805 kum tak ciang in Austrian te Ulm ki do na mun ah hong zo uh aa, Vienna mun ah hong lut ngeingai uhhi. Hih kum sung mah December 2 ni-in, Austrian leh Russian kipawl galkap te pen Austerlitz ki do na mun ah Napoleon in hong zo leuleu hi. Hih gualzawh na pen thupi thei mahmah vanglak hi.
Kum 1806, September kha in Prussia in France do ding hong tang ko khia aa, tua takciang France te leh Prussian galkap te pen Jena leh Auerstadt mun ah hong ki do kik ziahziah ta uhhi. Napoleon galkap te in hong nop zawh mahmah kik uhhi. Kum 1807, February kha in Eylau ki do na mun ah Russian pawl hong zo leuleu hi. Russia ukpi (Emperor) Alexander I in Britain tawh ki pawl pen hong cimtaak lua ta in, Tilsit mun ah Napoleon tawh kilem na hong bawl uhhi. Hih kilem na pan in, emperor te gel in Europe gam a uk na ding uh, gam hong hawm uh aa, Russia in nisuah na lam ngah in, France in nitum na lam hong ngah hi.
Tuipi tung ah Britain gunkuang pawl te kih ta lua ahih manin Britain hong do nawn lo hi. Britain pawl pen, sum zong mi hi in, a sumbawl na uh a siatsak theih a leh pen, mawk din lel ding uh hi cih hong um mawh hi. Britain sumbawl na susia ding in, Europe gam te Britain te tawh a sumbawl khop na uh hong khaam giap ta hi. Tuaban ah, Britain te van bawl limlim a lei leh a zuak hong khaam in, Britain te van bawlte pen a galkap te in va kaikhawm ta uhhi.
Hih gamtat na Portugal in hong langpan masa pen in, Napoleon in Spain kantan in France galkap te Portugal khuapi Lisbon ah hong pai sak hi. French galkap te in om na ding mun phual hong sat uhhi. A gamsung ah French galkap te in, om na ding phual a sat uh pen, Spanish pawl in hong theisiam thei lo uh aa, buai na hong bawl den uhhi. Napoleon in, Spanish Ukpi te hemkhia in, a u Joseph Bonaparte Spain ukpi ding in koih hi. Spanish pawl in tapong(revolution) hong sem uh aa, Britain in zong Spanish tapong te huh den in, a lem na munmun ah France galkap te hong do uh in, tua khit ciang bu mangcip zel uhhi. Hih pen Napoleon a ding in lungno nek bang hong hi ta hi. Napoleon hong kiamsuk na zong pen, hih teng hang zong ahi hi.
Bangbang ahi zongin, Kum 1810 kiim ciang ding khawng, Napoleon hong daupai in, a thu neih san mahmah hun hong tung hi. Europe gam atam zaw pen akhut nuai ah hong kun in, a ma bawltawm Ukpi gam in France gam khempeuh hong uk cip hi. Ahih hangin a Ukpi tutna a laih thei ding tapa a neih theih loh mantawh hong lungkham mahmah hi. Tuahang in a Zi Josephine hong ma in, a Zi kik ding in Austria Ukpi Francis I ta nu, Marie Louise, a Zi ding in hong la kik in, tapa hong nei in, tua pen Rome Ukpi tut na luah ding in hong tangko khia hi.
Napoleon in Russia hong do:
Tilsit mun ah kilem na hong bawl khop uh hang in, Russia Ukpi, Alexander I in Napoleon hong mu dah tektek in, a kikaal uh hong kisia semsem hi. Napoleon in Alexander thu hilh deuh kisam ding in hong ngaihsun in, Kum 1812 khal lai hun in, Russia gam do dingin agalkap te kithawi sak ziahziah uh hi. A galkap pawl tha hat mahmah “Grand Army” a cih uh pen, galkap 453,000 (tengli leh tulsawmnga leh tulthum) bang ahi hi. Hih galkap te hong makaih in Russia hong do uhhi. Russia gam hong la ziahziah uh aa, Russian pawl hong nung kin zel uh aa, Napoleon leh a pawl te zong Moscow ah hong lut ta uh hi. Russian pawl te in phalbi vuk kiat hun takciang in leh do kik hong sawm uh aa, a nusiat khua te hal in, nek leh dawn te khempeuh zong susia gai mang hi. Kum dang sangin phalbi hun hong tung baih zaw mahlai in, France galkap te pen, phalbi khuavot hunsung ah hong kiam mahmah ta uh hi. Moscow ah alut ma un Russia pawl tawh nasia tak in hong ki do uh aa, a gualzo om tuan lo in, France galkap tampi tak si uh hi. November kha takciang in Berazine luipi hong kantan tak uh ciang in, galdo thei galkap 10,000(tulsawm) bek hong dam lai uhhi.
French galkap tuazah dong aa a sih na uh hangin, tualsung zong hong buai sak zo mahmah hi. Napoleon leh do nop na lungsim hong piang khia in, tua bang hun laitak in Napoleon si hi cih thu hong thang lailai hi. A gamsung buai mahmah hi cih thu thei in manlang tak in hong ki leh kik uh aa, December 18 ni in Paris hong tung kik uh hi. Galkap tha ahat sak kik theih na dingin sum ngahtheih na ding lam tuamtuam tawh ma hong la uh aa, a thu neih na zong hong khauh sak zaw lai hi.
Kum 1813 tak ciang in, Napoleon tung ah mipi aheh uh hong suak lua mahmah ta hi. Galkap thahat na zangin gamdang te zawh ding bekbek a ngaihsun ding in, mipi in hong mawhsak ta uh aa, tua ban ah ki do zong ningthei mahmah uhhi. Hih kum sung mah October 16 ni pan in 19 ni hun sung teng in British leh German kipawl galkap te in Leipzik kido na mun ah French pawl hong nop zawh mahmah uhhi. Tua ban ah Neopoleon ii General a sem den, Naple ukpi ding aa akoih Murat in a Pu taisan in Austria pawl tawh kilem na hong bawl khawm uh aa, tua ban ah Dutch pawl leh Belgian pawl in zong Napoleon hong langdo uhhi. Napoleon a kamphat na, a daupai na pen hong kiam diaidiai hi ta hi.
Ukpi thupi hong gual lel ta:
Napoleon tung ah French mipi tampi tak lungkim nawnlo hi cih thei in, a ki pawl kumpi te in pilvang mahmah in “French mipi kong do kei uh aa, Napoleon bek ka do uh hi” ci in thu hong thang sak ziahziah hi. Kum 1814, January kha takciang in gamgi khempeuh ah langpang khempeuh hong ki kaikhawm uh hi. Augtria Foreign Minister, Matternich pen pasal mithupi leh mipil mahmah khat ahi hi. Napoleon pen France gamgi, Pasian gelna sa aom bang (natural Boundary) tawhkisai thu ah a lungkim theih na ding in ngaihsut na hong pia hi. Cih nop na ah gam keek behbeh nawnlo in, a om sa gam gi ciang tawh a lungkim na ding in akup pih ahi hi. Napoleon zong kilian sak khin laklawh ahih manin, sangsiam zo lo hi.
Napoleon pen gal vaihawm siam, general thupi mahmah ahih hangin, a galkap mithak a kaihkhop khangno mahmah lai te makaih in, aki pawl galkap tampi tak nawk ding in tawm lua mahmah uh hi. Tuaban ah, thukhun bawl pawl (Legislative Assembly) te, tu ma aa nuam a sa mahmah den pen, Napoleon hong leh do khin ta in, a Pu kiang ah ki lem na leh lungmuan na te, mimal suahtak na te nget hong kipan ta uhhi.
Kum 1814, March kha takciang in Austria, Britain, Russia te in, Napoleon a gual lelh ma teng kipawl khawm aa, kua mah kilang bawl lo dingin kamciamna hong bawl uhhi. Tuatak ciangin Napoleon do ding in France gam lam hong ma nawh ziahziah ta uhhi. Paris khuapi ah hong lut laitak hun in, Napoleon pen Fontainableau ah om hi. Paris kumpi ulian te in Talleyrand makaih in kumpi thak hong phuan uh aa, Napoleon a paihkhiat thu zong hong tang ko khia uhhi. Paris khuapi pen gamdang galkap te khutsung ah hong om ta cih Napoleon in hong theih tak ciang in ki do zel ding kisam sa nawn lo in, April 6 ni in, a gual lelhna thu hong tangko khia ta hi.
Fontainableau mun ah kipawl khawm gam te tawh kilem na hong bawl uh aa, tua kilem na sung ah “Napoleon pen kum sim in, France kumpi in Francs 2,000,000 pia ding aa, a mah acing akem ding in mi (400) te tawh Elba tuikulh sung ah teeng ding uh aa, emperor hih na zaa nei den ding hi” cih ahi hi. Elba tuikulh lam apai na lam pi ah, amah ki thahsawm in ki sim na khat hong tuak aa, hong si dek tak hi. Tua zawh asawtlo May 4 ni in Elba tuikulh tung uh hi.
Mi thupi pa, hong ki dawk kik ta:
Napoleon in, lungnuam tak in Elba tuikulh gamsung ah aom hit hiat na ding thu hong tangko khia hi. Ahih hangin, hih galdo mi, emperor zong a hi, kum (45) bek apha pan, hat lai mahmah pa pen, duh aam mahmah lai in, hih tuikulh gam neuno cik sung ah pen lungkim mahmah in hong om hit hiat thei ding hiam?
France gam tualsung din mun om dan en dih sin ni e leh, Napoleon gual lel in hong om takciang in, France kumpi a sempak te in Louis XVIII (sawm leh giat) pa ukpi sem dingin hong zawn uhhi. Hih pa pen Louis XVI, tapong (langpang) kumpi te in a lu a tansak pa nau pa hi in, gamdang mi te in Paris ah hong tonpih uh ahi hi. Hih Ukpi innkuan pen “Bourbon” ci uh aa, tualsung mipi lak ah, a min sia khin lua mahmah ahih manin mipi in gensia keei uhhi. Mipi in Ukpi neih cim taak thei mahmah khin uh aa, hih Ukpi thak pa pen mitampi tak in deihkhol lo in, ukpi inn kuan lam apangte ahih leh lungdam thei mahmah uh aa, mipi thu neih na deih pawl te in lah hua thei mahmah uh hi. Tapong (langdo) leh tual thah na hangin gamsung teng khempeuh buai mahmah hi.
Napoleon in zong Elba tuikulh tung pan in France gamsung din mun hong en gige hi. Austria kumpi in, a Zi Marie Louis tuam koih in, a tapa zong kem sak nuam lo uhhi. Marie Louis in lawm ngaihdang neihsan ahih manin, a pasal kiang ah pai ding zong hong sawm se lo hi. Napoloen a heh asuak semsem theih na dingin France kumpi in Napoleon ki vak na ding sum hong pia khia nuam vetlo uhhi. Tua hangin a mah ading in gilkial in a sih ding zong hong lauhuai lua mahmah hi.
Hih thu tuamtuam khempeuh hangin Napoleon in gamtang vat ding kisam hi cih hong ngaihsun khia ta hi. Tuatak ciang in, kekkia bang liang in France gam ah hong ki leh kik in, mi thu pi pa pen bangin hong ki lang kik hi. Kum 1815, March 1 ni-in, galkap bangzah ding hiam khat tawh Cannes ah hong lut uhhi. Alps mual hong kantan in, lokho mi tampi tak in ama nung hong zui pah uh hi. A mah aman ding in France kumpi in galkap hong sawl in, tua a man ding aa hong pai galkap te hong zo uhhi. March 20 ni in, thupi mahmah in Paris khuapi ah hong lutkik in Ukpi hong sem kik hi. France Ukpi asem Louis XVIII zong bakleng bang in hong tai khia mang pah hi.
Napoleon ngiat mahmah, mipi in thupi ngaihsut mahmah in, a nihvei na ding France gam thunei pi pen (emperor) hong hi kik ta vat hi. Ahih hangin, Pasian deihna hi lo hi ding hiven, sep khialh khat hong nei hi. French Revolution thunei pen, Jacobin pawl hong beel lo in, Louis XVIII bang dan pian in Ukpi na hong sem mawk hi. Hih hangin mipi khempeuh phial in, a mah hong panpih nuam lo uhhi.
Kumpi kipawl te pen France gamgi ah hong kikai khawm uhhi. Napoleon in zong galkap tha hong beh lap mengmeng hi. Belgium ah hong pai in, Jun 16 ni in Prussian pawl Ligny mun ah hong zo uhhi. Hih khit zawh ni 2 takciang in, British General Wellington leh apawl te tawh Waterloo mun ah hong ki do ziahziah uhhi. Napoleon leh a lawm te in hong zawh dek tak hun in, Prussian galkap pawl hong tung liana a, British pawl hong huh in, Napoleon pawl te zawh in hong om leuleu hi.
Napoleon in British kumpi tung ah a cing akem ding hong ngen in, Britain in Elba tuikulh pen France gam pan in ki nailua ahih manin ci in, Pacific tuipi aa aom tuikulh neu no khat, St.Helena a cihna mun ah hong koih uhhi. Napoleon in Elba tuikulh pan in hong pai khiat leh, France gam ah hong lut kik leh gual lel in aom kik hun sung pen, ni 100 kiim bek ahi hi. Tuahang in tangthu (history) sung ah “Hundred days” ci in ki gen den hi.
Napoleon pen St. Helen ah lungleng khua ngai mahmah:
Kum 1815, October 15 ni in Napoleon in St. Helena tuikulh mun hong tung hi. A mah tawh nasem mi tampi tak leh a khutnuai ah General mi nih leh ukpi pa a cing akem ding milian nih leh a Zi te in zong hong zui ngei ngai uhhi. St.Helena mun ah Lt.Governor ten na ding aa inn alam sak na sung ah hong om sak uhhi.
St.Helena ah pen a utut na mun ah a pai ding phal uh aa, ahih hangin British officer khat in a pai na mun khempeuh ah zui zel ding hi cih ahi hi. Ahih hangin, Napoleon pen pusuah ding ut khol lo in, a om na mun ah om cip in kap thapai den hi. Zingsang thohak mahmah in, zingsang nai 10 kiim in zing an ne in, ni taklam nai 7-9 kiim in nitak an ne kik aa, tua khit ciangin ama ading alai kisim sak te ngai den hi. Tua lai mun ah a lawm te tawh phe ki neih kik uh aa, zan kim tak ciang in ih mu den pan hi.
Napoleon in mangpau (English) sin in, mang thuthak (English newspaper) zong sim den hi. Emperor ahih lai aa ukpi inn a kem pa Las Cases pen lai at pi in zang hi. Las Cases in, Naploleon laibu, Memoral de Saint Helena (St.Helena phawk tawn tung na) a cih pen gelh sak in, hih pen laibu minthang mahmah khat hong suak hi.
St.Helena pen mi cidam mahmah khat hi in, Napoleon in an lim nono, hoih tak aa-akibawl te ne den hi. Ahih hangin, Napoleon cidam na pen hong kiamtektek mawk hi. Kum 20 sung tawntung, ni suah na lam, ni tum nalam, sak leh khang khempeuh ah khualzin aa ahun azang den pen, tun ah ahih leh puapial thei lo in, innsung ah ki kalh cip ta hi.
Napoleon lungkham na a kibehlap sak pen a Zi Marie Louis hi kha pen ding hi. Austria kumpi in Marie Louis a cing akem dingin Graf Adam Von Neipperg seh uh aa, hih pa tawh hong ki ngai mawk uhhi. Napoleon a sih zong ngakzo lo in, a sim tham in hong kiteng uhhi. Napoleon in zong hih thu za kha limlim ngel ding hi. Tuaban ah, Marie Louis leh Napoleon te tapa pen Austria khuapi Vienna mun ah tengsak uh aa, Austiria Ukpi pa’tu pa zong ahi hi. Duke of Reichstadt hih na za zong kipia hi. Hih mithupi pa pen St.Helena tuikulh mun ah a it a ngaihte mel mu kha nawnlo in, lungleng khuangai leh lungsim na sa mahmah in hong om ta hi.
British kumpi in St.Helena Governor ding aa akoih uh pen Sir Hudson Lowe ahi hi. Hih Governor in Napoleon a lungnop theih na ding in bangmah ngaihsut sak lo hi. Napoleon ii lai at pi, Las Cases tawh hong ki lemvet lo uh hi. Governor in Napoleon a it a ngai mahmah pa pen hong man in, St.Helena pan in hong hawlkhia hi. Tua pan in, Napoleon leh Governor hong kilem lo thapai uhhi.
Kum 1817 bei kuan lam pan kipan in, Napoleon pen a dam loh hong kipan ta hi. Gilpi nat na (cancer) hiam, gilpi pan (ulcer) hi ding hiam khat aki um mawh, natna hong vei hi. A mah a cing akem pa Irish Doctor Barry O’ Mear in Napoleon din mun ahoih zaw aa akep na ding thu kumpi tung ah a nget manin amah mun dang ah koi zawsop uh hi. A mah tang ding in, John Stoke zong Napoleon tung ah agam tat hoih ahih manin mun dang ah kikoih khia leuleu hi. Siavuan a thumvei na dingpa pen Corsican hi in, tua pa in lah a damna ding zatui bangmah pia lo hi. Tua hun lai in, zatui lam siamna nei khollo uh ai tam? Napoleon pen kidam sak zo nawnlo ding hi cih thu thei lo mawk uhhi.
Kum 1821 kum bul lam in, Napoleon din mun hong hoih nawn vet lo hi. March kha pan in kikhum cip taktak ta in, April kha in thuvai khak na lai kigelh sak ta hi. “Ka luang vaam te pen, Seine luigei a om, ka it mahmah French mipi te kiang ah om sak nuamsam ingh ei maw!! Mangkang (English) thukhen na leh hong that ding aa a sawl te khutsung ah, a hun tun ma in si ding hi ta ka hi ve maw” ci hi.
May 5 ni takciang in aw ging thamtham in hi bang in hong pau khia hi, “Ka Pasian…. French minam ….. Ka tapa…. Galkap makai…..” ci hi. Hih ni nitak lam nai 5 tak ciang in hong si ta hi. A galkap puan (uniform) a deih mahmah pen, ki silh sak in, Marengo kido na mun ah asilh a puantual kaang pian tawh a luang ki khuh sak hi. A mah ki vui na hun pen lim bawlsak mel lo in, Rupert zangkuam, khe tawh apai den na mun, lui neuno khat gei aa a om willow singkung nih gei ah phum uhhi. A khan kuang ki khuh na suangpek pi tung ah bangmah ki gelh lo in “Ci-Git” cih bek ki gelh hi. “Ci-Git” cih nop na pen Zopau in “Hih lai mun ah ki sial (here lies)” cih na ahi hi. Lunglen huai ngeungau mahmah sam hi.
Napoleon a sih khit zawh asawt lo in, a mah langpan na laibu, a mah gensiat na laibu bangzah ding hiam khat hong ki suah man hi. Tua te sung ah khat pen Royalist mi leh sa ahi Francois de Chateaubrand gelh ahi hi. Ahih hangin, Napoleon gensiat na thu pen sawt daih lo hi. Napoleon phat na leh thupi sak na laibu tampi tak hong ki suah khia leuleu in, la kam (poem) tampi tak hong ki suah khia aa, laibu tampi tak hong ki suah khia zuahzuah in, la kam (poem) aphuak te lak ah aki hel, mangkang (English) la phuak siam Lord Byron, German la phuaksiam Heinrich Heine te ahi hi. Tuaban ah lai gelhsiam mi tampi tak in zong Napoleon tangthu a zaknop theithei ding in hong gelh khia uhhi. A sih khit ciangin minthan hong ki pan pan hi pen hi. Tuaban ah Napoloen a hun lai tangthu leh Napoloen a minthan na tawh kisai tangthu bu (Novel) zong bu tampi tak hong ki bawlkhia zel hi.
Kum 1830, July kha takciang in Revolution hong pian khiat akipan in French mipi te in Napoleon pen thupi sak lua in, pasian bang in abia lo bek mah ahi uhhi. Kumpi te in zong su mit zawh gen loh, a pahtawi pih hong kul liang ta hi. Kum 1833 takciang in Napoleon lim lianpi tak hong bawl in, Paris khua pi aa Place Vendome a cih na mun ah hong dingsak gemgam ta uhhi. Kum 1840 takciang in French ukpi tapa Francois in galdo na tembaw pi tawh St.Helena lam hong ma nawh in hong pai aa, Napoleon’ guhsia teng va la in, a thu vai khak na sung aa om mahbang in a deih na mun ahi Seine luigei ah hong phum pha kik uhhi. Napoleon vui na kikhop pi pen Paris ah December, 1840 kum in bawl uhhi.
