CHARLES DARWIN
(1809 – 1882 AD)
Agelh ~ Timothy Simon Pau
A thupi mahmah din mun ah Pasian in a lapsang, ni atum ngeilo zahdong aa a uk na gam azai, British kumpi in India gam alaak lai tak in, London khuapi sung leh akiim ah Pasian leh a nasep na kithupi sim loh na tawh kidim hi. Oxford leh Cambridge University te ah zong gamtat hoih loh na tawh kidim zihziah hi. Sum leh pai, min than na leh vangliat nop na lungsim mikhempeuh lungsim sung ah hong om in, tua hunlai tak in leitung ah Charles Darwin pen England gam, Shrewsbury khua ah hong piangkhia hi. A pu Erasmus Darwin leh a pa Robert Darwin te pen zatui lam siavuan (doctor) hih tuak uh aa, Charles Darwin ii pa pen zatui zuak min thang mahmah, London khuapi pua lam ah pen zatui zuak lian pen hi phial mai hi. Innkuan mihau leh minthang mahmah khat ahi uh hi.
Kum (8) acin takciang in Charles pen, a Nu in sihsan hi. A pa leh a u nu leh a nau nu te in, it na ngaih na lianpi tak tawh kem in hongkhang lian toto hi. A khua uh ahi, Shrewsbury ah sang a kah lai in, lai sin sang in, ganhing nam tuamtuam zon leh zatui et cian na lam uuk zaw hi. Tua hang in a sangsia pipa (Headmaster) ahi, Pu Samuel Butler in mi lak ah tawng ngawp ngei zel hi.
Kum 16 a phak ciang in a pa in, zatui lam sin ding in Edinburgh ah pai sak hi. Tua hun lai in ci hik zatui, ih mut na zatui cih bang om nai lo ahih man in, at ding aki sam te pen zatui pia lo in at ziau zel uhhi. Darwin in mulkim huai sa in a septheih loh pawl ahih man in, zatui lam a sin pen hong tawpsan hi. A hih hang in Scotland ah aom sung in ganhing lam a sin (zoologist) Robert Grant tawh ki mel theih kha hi. Robert Grant hang in, a uuk mahmah, tuipi leh tuipi gei aa ganhing leh gamsa te leh nun tak na nei te, sincian na mun ah hong ki hel den hi. Tuaban ah leitang tawhkisai a sin (geologist) Robert Jameson kiang pan in, na tampi tak zong hong sin khia hi.
Zatui lam sin ding uuk lo ahih man in, a pa in Pasian thusin ding in Cambridge ah sawl hi. Cambridge University ah aom lai in zong Pasian thu asin sang in ganhing nam khat “beetle” te kaih khop, om maih (kimawl), sakol tungtuan cih te uuk in nei zaw hi. Tuaban ah Cambridge aa ateng scientist pawl te kiang ah hawh nuam asak pen ahih man in lawmzong hong mu pah ziau hi. Sing leh suang lam tawh kisai, akan cian (botanist) khat ahi John Steven Henslow tawh pen ki lawm ta mahmah uhhi. Henslow kiang ah om mun lua ahih man in “Henslow ton pih pa” ci in, mi in thei man liang hi.
Kum 1831 tak ciang in Charles Darwin in Cambridge University pan in hong khawl hi. Tua hun laitak in “Beagle Expedition” pen khualzin khia ding in aki thawi lai tak a hihi. (Expedition cih pen gam simtham ah vak kawikawi cih na ahihi.) Hih Expedition ii a tup a ngim pen: South America tuipi gei kiim teng ah vak kawikawi in, leitang leh gan hing namtuamtuam te ii nun tak dan kancian ding ahihi. Hunsawt pi sungtak zinkhia ding in gunkuang tawh hong kithawi khia uh hi. “Beagle Expedition” a cih uh pen Kum 1826 in Captain King in aphuat khiat ahihi.
Wales leilu lam ah leitang tawhkisai, a en cian asin hong ciah khin phit, hong tun lian tak ciang in Henslow in “Beagle” ah aki hel ding, a ki teel na thu hong hilh hi. Scientist pawlte lak ah aki hel ding pen Darwin kisuanglah pian ahih man in Henslow in “Ki suangse ken, nangmah bangdan mi pen, deih in azon laitak uh hi aa, a cing lo in kingaihsun ken la, na lawm, na mailam ding a ngaihsun pa in tavuan ka la ding hi” ci in hanthawn hi.
Hih expedition ah apai ding pen, a pa Robert Darwin in phalvet, lemsa vetlo ahih hang in, a pa no in ngetpih ahih man in phalta mai hi. A zingciang in, khuavak milhmelh hunlai tak in Cambridge ah hong pai in, Henslow hong mu in, tua khit ciang in Fitz Roy mu ding in London lam ah hongpai kik leuleu hi. Fitz Roy pen hih expedition makai pi (Captain) hoih mahmah khat ahihi. Darwin a muh phet aa kipan in ip lah khol lo pah malam in, Henslow kiang ah zong, “ Hih pa nakguh kuul ngengu pa in hunsawt pi tak sung gunkuang tawh khualzin ding in hat na leh ngim na lian nei ngap ding ahi hiam? ci in phun san hih tuak hi.
Hih tung aa khualzin te pen, sawtvei sung khualzin thei mahmah uh aa, khatvei azin leh kum(5) sung bang sawt in, khualzin kawikawi uh aa, South America sehnel zaanggam teng ah hong vak uh ban ah Gulapagos tui kulh, Tahili, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Maldive tui khulh, Mauritius, St Helena, Ascension, Cape Verde tuikulh leh Azores te ah hong pai uhhi.
A khualzin sung un Darwin in na tuamtuam tampi tak kaikhawm aa, tuaban ah leitang leh ganhing te tawhkisai sin na lam ah pil na tampi tak ngahlawh hi. South America gam aa gan leh khaici, sing leh suang, tang lai pek aa aki phum (fossils), suang bang aa akhauh khin, a sin na pan in leh, Gulapos tuikulh aa om vasa te nuntak na lamdang mahmah te amuh na pan in nuntak na nei khempeuh in kizop na nei hi ci in hong thei khia hi. Tua aa kipan in a ngaihsut na pen “evolution” lam ah hong pai ta hi. (Evolution cih pen na khat pan in na dang khat ah piangkik zel ci in, ki gen cian thei mai in teh. Evolution theory ah pen Zawng bang dan in hong khang lian toto in hong ki lam dang toto aa, a tawp na ah mihing in piang hi cih ahihi.)
Charles Darwin in, “Beagle Expedition” ah ka khualzin na pen, ka dam sung aa ding in hun thupi mahmah khat na hi mawk hi. Ka dam sung in ka din mun taktak ding ah hong makaih in, na a kibawl leitung na tuamtuam kuhkal tak aa, et cian theih na hun hong pia in, theih siam theih na zong ka neih beh thei ta hi,” ci hi.
A khualzin hong ciah takciang in a khualzin na tangthu leh na thak amuh te leh a tuak khak thute hong gelh in, a laibu in hongbawl khia hi. Kum 1838 pan kipan in kum (3) sung Geological Society ah lai at pi nasep hongsem hi. Kum 1839 tak ciang in Emma Wedgewood tawh hongki teeng uh aa, London ah hong teeng uhhi. A ci dam vet lo ahih man in khuano lam ah pem (tai) leng hoih ding hi cih ngaihsut na hong nei khia hi. Kum 1842 takciang in Kent khua khawksung, Downe khuano ah hong pem (tai) ta uhhi.
Charles Darwin pen adam sung in dam loh na thuak den, aci na den in, gil pi nat na zong nei den hi. South America leh Volcanic tuikulh leitang et cian na a neih hong zom to zel in “evolution” tawhkisai hong ngaihsun to zel hi. A dam loh na hong khauhpai semsem na hang in, tawlngak hun zong nei thei zel hi.
Kum 1842 tak ciang in, “Natural Selection” (Pasian teel na) cih laimai (35) a sah laibu hong gelh khia hi. Malthus ii laibu bawl, “Population” (khua leh gam khatsung aa mihing pha zah) cih pen kum 1838 in hong sim in, tua in a up mawh sa pen kipsak in ngaihsun hi. Kum 1846 takciang in a thu gelh laimai (35) pen alian zaw in hongbawl pha aa, laimai (235) in hong tam zaw ta hi. Tua khit ciang in vasa hong khangtoh na dan leh na dang tuamtuam hong sin beh to zel hi. Geologist (leitang tawhkisai asin cian mi) ahi Lyell, Botanist Hooker, Asa Gray te tawh lai ki khak den uh hi. Kum 1856 takciang in Lywell in a nasin te pen laibu aa abawl khiat na ding in Darwin kiang ah ngaihsut khat hongpia hi.
Haksat na tampi tak pal tan in November 4, 1858 kum teh a laibu min thang “Origin of Species” (nun tak na a kipat na bulpi) cih laibu hong bawlkhia ta hi. Ni khat sung bekbek in a laibu a bawl, bu (1250) hong khawng mang ziau hi. Hih laibu in, kinial na tampi tak piang khia sak hi. Biak na makai te, Siampi te leh piancil Laisiangtho sung aa, Pasian in na a piansak thu asang, apom te in gensiat sak pha deuh uhhi. Tuabang hun laitak in scientist te in zong hong leh do kik uhhi. Kum tampi tak sung kido na hong piang sak mawk hi.
Darwin ii na sin dan leh a up mawh dan alangpang pha deuh lak ah “Fitz Roy” zong hong ki hel hi. “Beagle Expedition” ah Darwin kihel sak ahih man in hih bang thu hongpiangkhia ahihi, ci in ngaihsun uh aa, ki sik kik mah mah ahih hang in bangmah phat tuam na om tuan nawn lo hi.
Kum 1862 takciang in singkung paak pan in aki lawh dan (Fertization of Orchid) cih a gelh pen laibu in hong bawlkhia hi. Kum nih khit ciang in “khau gui zam nam om dan leh a nuntak dan uh” cih te, a laibu in hongbawl khia leuleu hi.
Kum 1568 takciang in, “Variation of Animal and plants under Domestication,” cih laibu hong bawlkhia leuleu hi. Tua khit azom ah “The Decent of Man” (Mihing cii, ki zop toh dan) cih gelh in a bu in bawl ding in ma hong la ngiatngiat in, Kum 1871 kum in hong suahkhia leuleu hi. Hih laibu sung ah mi hing pen, khut li nei, mul hau mahmah, tu lai tak aa mihing te hongpiang khia ahihi, ci in ki gelh hi. Tua acih in pen zawng nam khat, Chimpanzee, Orang Utan leh Gorilla nam te tawh aki nai hi ding in ki gelh hi. Hih up na pen mi te in umthei lo uh aa, tuaban ah tu lai tak Christian Scientist te in ahih theih loh na dan leh a maan loh dan zia, ciamteh sitset uhhi.
Bangbang ahi zong in, Darwin ii theory pen ama hun lai Scientist te in zong, a san na apom na ahang nei uhhi. Science te ii thukhun ah pen a maan loh na tetti, ciapteh na aom kei leh hepkhiat ziau theih hi lo hi. Mi hing pian ma, na pen kua a ding in zong gensak theih hi lo hi. Gan hing te nam khat pan in adang nam khat ah akilaih a om, bang zah ding hiam khat gen ding a neih na hang in, mi hing zong tua bang ding mah in ngaihsun kha hi ngel ding hi.
Leitung mihing te lak ah Laisiangtho athupi sim se lo mitampitak aom na hang in, hih thu pen muibun pian veve hi. Thupit na leh minthan na lunggulh in leh Darwin ii up na pom pih san pih in, mitampi tak in Zawng a bang pian, mi hing hongpian khiat na guh sia hong zongkhia ta uhhi. A zon uh pen, mu khin ta in ki gen uh aa,tua Zawng mihing abang ding te pen hong bawl khia uhhi. Tua bang lak ah a min thang pha deuh pen Neanderthal mi hing, Java Man leh Lucy a cih te uh ahihi. Guh sia a mu khia te in hoihtak in zep siam mahmah uh aa, up theih ding in zong hong bawlkhia theih uhhi. Hong min than lawhtuam pah mah uhhi. Ahih hang in Khristian Scientist te in hoihtak in hong et cian taktak uh ciang in, Neanderthal mihing acih uh pen tu lai mihing, guh nat na a neih na uh hang aa -a guh a ngawt ahihi. Java Man acih uh zong a lu ding aa- azat pen Zawng nam khat Gibbon lu guh hi in, a phei guh ding in mi hing phei guh azang uh ahihi. Tua ban ah Lucy a cih uh zong pen Chimpanzee te nam Bonabo a cih te ii guh sia na hi lel tak hi.
Mi hing in pil na leh ngaihsut siam na a neih theih na ding in, a kituak in khuak tampi tak nei in, a khuak bawm zong, Zawng khuak bawm sang in lian zaw thamtham hi. “Pasian in a lamdang pha deuh in mihing bawl hi cih” thu pen thu maan thutak ahih lam kum tawntung a ding ahihi.
Charles Darwin pen, gan hing leh khai ci tangthu a kancian, asin den, a uuk luat man in ahanciam ahih na thuzong nial ding om lo hi. A hun awng a beisak na ding leh, a tawl ngak na ding in “novel” ( tangthu bu) asim den mi ahihi. A hih hang in, a kum hongtam ta in,hong sih kuan tak the, mi hing hongkipat cil na cih tangthu a gelh te pen gimhuai sa lua mahmah in ki sik kik mahmah hi ci in kigen hi.
April 19, 1882 kum in lungleng khua ngai mahmah kawmsa in, a ten na mun, Downe khuano ah hong si ta aa, West Minster Abbey (mi thupi te ki vui na mun) ah hong ki vui ta hi.
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