SIAHTUNG SIAHPHEI
Agelh ~ Col. Khen Za Moong (Retired)
Siahtung Siahphei bang hiam cih leh, siah kipia khempeuh gawmkhawm aa min lawhna hi. Siah a kici bang hi leuleu hiam?
Khamtung tuntung lai-in, abeh aphung anam cih bangin kipawlin, khua satin teeng uh hi. Khu khat leh khua khat, gam kikeekin kisimna piang hi. Sakgal khanggal tamin, gal kilau tawntung hi. Gal kisim na ah, a zote peuhpeuh in a lelte tungah, siah kai (la) hi. A lelte siah pai hi. Gal matte pen sila suak aa, a mante pen to suak hi. Tote in silate tungah, kaih nei hi. Sila pen namnih om hi. Nam khat pen, amau khuaciat ah om in, amau na ciat sem aa, a tote uh kaihteng pia hi. Nam khat leuleu pen, innteng ci-in a tote inn ah om in, a tote na sepsak hi. Inn kuan khat bangin om hi. Zi leh ta aneih ciangun, a tote innsung pan inntuan uh hi. Silate in a tote uh pu in nei hi. A tote in a silate tu-in nei hi. Inn kuan khat in om hi.
Tha hatlo khuate in thahat khuate kihta ahih manin, a zawhthawh a bawlsiat lohna dingin, siah pia hi. Thahat khua makai hausapa in a siah nekna khuate, gal in a sim leh do sak hi. Khua dang te in a siahnekna khuate, a bawlsiat a zawhthawh loh na ding zong, hu in huh hi.
An siah in tangseu ki pia hi. Inn khat in kum khat in, taangseu khattapia hi. (Seu pen seng sangin gol zaw hi.) Tua banah, sialsiah ci-in kum thum the Sial khat kipia zong om hi. Thahat khua makaipa in a sawt ciangin, a siah nekna gamteng, kei gam hi ci hi. Tua ahih manin, a siah taangseu banah, gamsaliang innsaliang ci-in ganmat leh gangawh tungah, Saliang kai hi. Sakgal khanggal vai leh khua vai hawm ka hihmanin, ka lo hong khawhsak un ci in, tuktha leh khaltha kai hi. Khuamite in tuk sungin khatvei , khal sungin khat vei, lo khawh sak hi. Tua banah, daak sap a cih kai lai hi. A daak kizatsak ta leh ki zatsak ta kei leh, kum sim in daak sap kai hi. Tua siahte pen thahat hausapa inn kipuak ahihmanin, ama khuapihte aa ding a baih hangin, khual pan a puakte aa dingin gimna tawlna leh hin tampi bei hi.
Hih siahtung siahphei thu kipatna ah, “Khamtung tuntung lai-in” ki ci hi. Khamtung tungte pen khamtung mite hi aa, ei Tedim gam panin Zomite ih ki ci hi. Khamtung bang cit un aa, koipan tung aa, ih piancilna koi bang hiam, theih ding kisam hi. Ih khamtung pen Zogam ih ci hi. Zogam pen Kawlgam leh leitung buppi in Chin State ci-in hong thei hi. Chin State pen Kawlgam sungah om hi. Tua ahih ciangin, Kawlgammite thu kan masa ni.
KAWLGAM MITE
Tangthu kan masa tangthu laibu at masate in MONGOLOID minam in pan hi. Minam thu phasak hi.
Northern Mongols:
Mongol: Tungus (Manchu etc): Korean: Japanese: Turki: Finna- Ugrian.
B. Southern Mongols:
(1) Chinese (Chinese proper, Hakka, Koklo, etc)
(2) Gian-Shi (Annamese, Indo Chinese- Vietnamese)
(3) Bod-pa (Tibetans, Baltis, Ladakhs, Bhotiya, Mishmi, Abor etc.)
(4) Mon-Khmer
(5) Tibeto-Burman
(6) Tai- Chinese
C. Oceanic or Indonesian Mongols
Malays, Proto Malays (Botaks, Achinese, Dayaks, Bugis, Tagalas etc)
Pianna kipatna mun pen, Sengam nitumnalam Kansu gam pan hi in, damdam in ki khin in, Tebet mualtung zang pan in ki khen hi ci hi. Tua pan Mongolia, Siberia, China, Indo-China, Malaya dong ki khen thang ki zeel ahi hi. Mon-Khmer, Tibeto Burman, Tai-Chinese sungah minam kikhen saun leuleu in Kawlgam sung ah lut hi. Kawlgammi suak hi. Kawlgammi tuamtuam nampi thum pan ki khen sawn hi. (Tua maa in Kawlgam ah, Pyu, Kamran, Thet minamte om hi. Pyute Kawlte tawh, Kamrante, Yakhaingte tawh kigawm hi. Thette Kadu suak hi.)
Mon – Khmer
Mon, Wa, La, Tha Loi, Palaung, Pale’, Miao, Yao, Riang, En, Padaungte kihel aa Kawlgam sung lut masa hi.
(2) Tebeto-Burman
A. Burmese or Proto Burmese – Burmese, Kadu, Apon, Maru, Lashi, Atsi, Nung, Danu, Taungnyo, Taman, Yaw, Mro, Chaungtha, Arakanese, …
B. Chin-Kachin
Chin, Kachin, Gauri, Singpho, Deleng.
C. Lolo
Lolo, Lisu or Yawyin, Lahu, Muhso, Kwi, Moso, Kaw, Ako.
(3) Tai- Chinese
Shans, Siamese (Thais), Karens.
Chinte Chindwin gunnak lampan Kawlgam sung lut in, Chindwin leh Irawadi gundung nitumnalam, gam ah kikhung sukin teng hi. Kachinten Chinte nung zui in Kawlgam saklam pan, nisuahnalam leh a khanglam zuanin tu-aa Kachingam ah teng hi. Lolo te in Mekong leh Salween gundung zui-in Sengam tung hi. Tua pan pawl khat Kawlgam nisuahnalam ah hong tung hi. Tua pan pawl khat Kawlgam nisuahnalam ah hong ki zeel hi. Khanglui Kawlte (Proto-Burmesete) Irawadi gunnak lampan Kawlgam sung lut hi. Kawlgam zanggam ah ki zeel in, AD 700-800 kim pawl ciangin, Kawlmi(Myanmar) suak hi. (Tu ciangin Kawlmite pen Bama ci-in, Kawlgam mite pen Myanmar ci hi.)
ZOMITE
AD 1300 kim pawl in Kawlmi kumpi Pagan dynasty ki sia hi. Senten Pagan sim hi. Tua maa in Senten Yunnan gam sim aa, tua gam aa Shante Kawlgam sung ah hong lut in hong ki zeel hi. Kawlmi pawl khat Toungoo lam ah tai aa, nungkamteh Toungoo dynasty piang hi. Shante hong khangin Kawlgam kumpi suak hi. Kawlgam khanglam ah Monte khang hi. Yakhaingte a mau gam magah mang hi. Tua bang aa Kawlgam sung thu biai buai hun AD 1400 kim pawl in Chindwin leh Irawadi gundung nitum nalam aa teng Chin mite mualtung ah kihem in kituah to hi. Mualtung tun ciangin Kawlte min lawhna Chin ki zang non lo in Khamtung mite ei min tekin ih ki lo hi. Ei Tedim gam-ah Zogam leh Zomi kamalte hong piang hi. Khamtung gambup ah, Chinte bek teng ahihmanin, Kawlten Chintaung (Chin Hills) ci-un, tu ciangin Chin Pyine (Chin State) ci-in, leitung buppi in Chin mi leh Chin State in hong thei hi.
TEDIM GAM
Kawlpi zanggam pan aa khamtung tungte Cimnuai (Saizanggam) tung masa hi. Tua pan kam pau zui-in ki khen uh hi. Sihzangte Sihzang-kual. Teizangten Mualbem le hakim apam, Dimten Dimpi, Khuanoten Khuani-kual, Vangtehten Vangteh, Saizangten Saizang, Phailengten Phaileng, Losauten Losau, zuan uh hi.
Tedim ah masa lai-in, Kaungte, Kangte, Hangte, Zaipheite, Thahdote, Zote, Guite teng hi ki ci hi. Ahih hangin khua kipsuak zo ngei lo ki ci hi. “Tap sahih nei kiphah hi” ki ci hi. Zote leh Thahdote Tedim saklam ah damdam in kihem in tu aa Tonzang Myoe sung Zo Thahdo khua omna khuate tung hi. Adangte zong ki khin toto in India gam tung hi.
AD 1800 kim pawl in Tedim ah Guite Mang Sum maang hi. Lailo aa teng atupa Hatlang Mang Gin samin Tedim ah maang khawm hi. Mang Sum leh Mang Gin te putu ki khen in, Guite Mang Sum pen India gam Phaitong khua hausa Khaw Cin Kai kiangah ki hento hi.
Hatlang Mang Gin leh Tedim upate ahi, Hatzaw Khoi Lam, Thawmte El Khat, Zilom (Naulak) Kim Thuam, Lethel Gen En, Hatlang Kai En, Samte Pau Am, Khen Thang vaihawm in Mualbem aa Sukte Khan Thuam tapa Kam Hau, hausa dingin la aa Sukte Pau Vum in zui hi.
Kam Hau, Mang Gin, Khoi Lam leh Tedim upate makaih vaihawm siamna tawh, Tedim khangto in kip hi. Sakgal khanggal nang zo sim zo tham lo-in gam keek zo in, Tedim gam piang sak hi. Tua banah, Tedim kam leh Tedim ngeina zong hong piang hi.
Tua lai aa Tedim aa teng Vaipheimi khat in la phuah hi.
(a) Sinthu soi ding Tual On pa aw e Do Cin tu lut Am Thang pa aw e.
(b) Do Cin tu lut Am Thang pa aw e, Vannuai lut Sial a tuna Za Tual pa aw e.
(Tual On pa Khoi Lam, Am Thang pa Mang Gin, Za Tual pa Kam Hau hi.)
Ciimnuai pan aa ki khen, kampau zui aa tenna khuate ah, thahat makai hausa ciatciat in, a zawhna khua ciatciat panin, siahtung siahphei kai aa, a siah nekna khuate vai, hawm sak hi.
MANG KANG KUM PI
1888 ciangin Mangkang galkapte khamtung hong kah to hi. Tulsuk, Phaizang Leisan, Thang leh mun tuamtuam a nakpi aa do hangin, thauvui thautang leh gal siamna vante ki den zolo ahih manin, Mangkang ten khamtung hong la hi. Tedim 1889 in hal hi. Tedim ki lawi in ki tai kek hi.
Mangkangten khua hal aa zo thaute khawm hi. Khuami ten gamsung zuanin bu aa, pawl khat in saklam gungal zuan in khuathak sat hi. Tua khua thakte kmpau pan, ataikhiatna khuate ki thei thei hi. Saizang kampaute Saizang leh Kaptel pan, Khuano kampaute Khauno kual pan, Dim kampaute Dimpi pan, Tedim kampaute Tedim pan cih bangin ki thei hi.
Mangkangten Tedim ah zumkawih in, vuandok khat uk-in Tedim gam bawl hi. Tedim pen kumpi khua suak in Zomi sumbak tawmbek om hi.
SIAHTUNG SIAHPHEI
Mangkangten siahtung siahphei kaisa nesa ukpi leh hausa te kawih suak hi. Tedim khua gei aa Leitawhtan khangsiah, Sihzang kual leh Sukte kual in khen hi. Tedim saksiah leh gungal teng Kamhau kula in kawih hi.
Siahtung siahphei te atungin ngeina lui bang ahih hangin, 1936 teh Mangkang kumpi in bawl kikna nei hi. An siah siahseu pen bung khat in bawl hi. Inn saliang phiat in, gam saliang bek kawih hi. Ukpi leh hausa te a mau khua ciat pan in, kum khat in ni khat tha bek ngah sak hi. An siah bung pen ukpi te leh amau leh a mau ki uh (Independent Chife) khua hausa te kaisak nesak bek hi. Sihzang kual leh Sukte kual ah a tamzaw amau leh amau ki-uk khua hausate ahih manin an siah bung ki khelna lo buang, kilamdannna tam lo hi.
Mangkangten Tedim hal aa, Tedim ki lawi aa, Tedim kumpi khua suah khit the, Kam Hau tupa Hau Chin Khup Tonzang ukpi in kawih aa Tedim saksiah Kam Hau kual in bawl hi. Kam Hau kual ah khua lui leh khua thak om aa, Tonzang ukpi thak a pian the siahtung siahphei kaihna leh nekna te ki lamdanna tampi om hi. 1963 aa siahtung siahphei bawl kikna a om ciangin kilamdanna om to sem hi. Tua bang aa kilamdanna omna khuate khat khat in en ni.
TONZANG
Tedim aa Sukte Kam Hau, Hatlang Mang Gin tawh khangkhawm, Hatzaw Khoi Lam tupa Tual On tapa Gin Za Thang in a lawmpa Bawmkhai Kam Vial tawh AD 1870 kim pawlin TOnzang sat aa hausa sem hi. Mangkang ten Tedim a hal ciangin, Kam Hau tapa Hualngo gal aa si Hau Pum tapa Hau Chin Khup leh anu Tel Ciin, Tonzang hausa apu Gin Za Thang kiang ah om hi. (Tel Ciin pen Gin Za THang sanggamnu hi aa, apa uh Tual On hi. Tual On zi, a nu uh pen Vaih Cing hi aa Hatlang Mang Gin tanu hi.) Mangkangten Tonzang lak khit the Kam Hau suan leh khak kan hi. Kam Haut ate gel lau in ki hem mang uh aa, Kam Hau tapa Hau Chin Khup tawh Tonzang pan ki theina kizawpna sepkhawpna nei in, Tonzang ukpi (innpipa) ci in Kam Hau kual bawl in ukpi in kawih aa siahtung siahphei kaisak nesak hi. Apu Gin Za Thang leh atapa Pum Za Kham (Lasiam minthang) te damdam in saklam ah kihemto in, tu-in asuan akhak te uh, Manipur gam Tawnglawn ah om hi.
1963 aa ansiah bungkhat paisuak aa kibawl aa ukpite bek in kaihtheih nektheih ciangin, Hau Chin Khup innluah ukpi Pum Za Mang in Kam Hau kual aa ansiah khenpeuh kai aa ne hi. Tua hun mah aa kipanin khua pawl khat aa siahtung siahphei ne hausa pawl khat in siahtung siahphei tan hi.
HAUPI (THANGKHAL)
Kam Hau in atapa golpen Za Tual pen Haupi (Thangkhal) nesak hi. Haupi bek hi lo-in Kahgen leh Vungmual pan zong Haupi hausa in siah kai hi. 1963 aa siahtung siahphei bawl kikna on ciangin, Haupi hausa in siah tan in Haupi siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
BUMZANG
Kam Hau in atapa nihna Lian THang pen Bunzang nesak hi. Nung lamteh asuan akhak ten Gamngai pan in Bumzang gal nek hi. Gamngai aa hausa ahih hangin Gamngai siah Tonzang innpipan ne hi. 1936 aa siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Bumzang siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
MAWNGKEN
Kam Hau in atapa thumna Thuam Lian pen Mawngken nesak hi. 1936 aa siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Mawngken siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
NGENNUNG
Kam Hau tapa Thang Khan Pau in Ngennung leh Valvum ah siah kai hi. 1936 aa siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Ngennung leh Valvum siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
MUIZAWL LEH LAITUI
Hatlang Mang Gin tapa Am Thang in gungal gam Phillui leh kikal Falam tung pan lei hi. 1880 kim pawlin Tedim pan Nuamkhua sat aa; cidam loin Muizawl ah kituahto in Muizawl ukpi sem hi. The Chin Hills Gazetteer Volume 1 sungah Carey in, Manipur tawh gam khen ciangin Hau Chin Khup in khua pawl khat sum ahih manin, tuate tangin Mangkangte hong kisimkik lai aa, gamta khialte Laitui leh Muizawl ka pia hi, ci-in at hi. (Laitui leh Muizawl pen Mangkangte hong khan maa in, siahkai ukpi (Independent Chief) ahi uh hi.)
By the delimitation of the Manipur Boundary Hau Chin Khup lost several villages to compensate him for this took the oppourtunity of withdrawing the Independence of Litmit (Laitui) and Mwial (Muizawl) ---- on account of Misbehavior during the rebellion and I made them both over to Hau Chin Khup.
(Chin Hills Gazetteer Volume I sungah Muizawl pen Mwial in kigelh hi.)
1892-93 aa Mangkang do kikna ah, Kaptel hausa Thuam Thawng makai in, Sihzang hausa Khup Pau leh atapa Khai Kam tawh kipawlin vai hawm hi. Falam gam Botung khua aa om Mangkangte tat sim masa hi. Tua khitteh kisimna om kawi kawi aa Mangkangte galkap om khempeuh tawh sim kik aa, galvan kibanglo ahihmanin Mangkangte ki do kik zo lo hi.
Mangkangten makaiteng mat dingin zong hi. Thuam Thawng leh atapa Pau Dal te in, a makte Am Thang leh Pau Khen belin Muizawl gamah bu hi. Mangkang Menzi Carey leh galkap tampi Muizawl ah pai in, Muizawl gam sungteng zong aa, Thuam Thawng leh Pau Dal te pata man aa, Kindat thong puak hi. Tua thong ah Thuam Thawng 1893 December kha in si aa, Pau Dal tua thong mah ah 1894 January kha in si hi. Tua hangin, Carey in Mangkangte hong kisim kik lai aa “gamta khialte” ci in Muizawl leh Laitui in ukpi tan lawh hi.
Thuam Thawng pa Saizang hausa Gawh Pau hi aa, Kam Hau naupa hi. Am Thang zi Zang Ciin pen Gawh Pau tanu hi aa Thuam Thawng sanggamnu hi. Am Thang tapa Pau Khen zi Vung Lun hi aa Thuam Thawng tanu hi. Hau Chin Khup pa Hau Pum hi aa Kam Hau tapa hi. Hau Chin Khup nu Tel Ciin hi aa Khoi Lam tapa Tual On leh Mang Gin tanu Vaih Cing te tanu hi.
HAICIN
Tedim kihal ciang aa Tedin gei Haicin pan aa ki sat hi aa a mah leh a mah a kiuh hi. Guite khua hi. Khua hausapa in siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Haicin hausapa siah tan aa Tonzang innpipan Haicin siah ngah hi.
TUIMUI
Tedim kihal ciang aa kisat hi. Guite khua hi. Khua hausapa in siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Tuimui hausapa siah tan aa Tonzang innpipan Tuimui siah ngah hi.
TONGCIIN
Lamzang gei Losau pan aa kisat hi. Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Tongciin hausapa siah tan aa Tonzang innpipan Tongciin siah ngah hi.
SELBUNG
Guite khua hi. Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Selbung hausapan siah tan aa Tonzang innpipan Selbung siah ngah hi.
SUANGBEM
Tedim hei Haicin pan aa ki sat hi. Guite khua hi. Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Suangbem hausapan siah tan aa Tonzang innpipan Sunagbem siah ngah hi.
(1938 ciangin, Haicin, Tuimui, Tongciin, Selbung, Suangbem, khuate in Tonzang dong siah puak ding gamla lua ahihmanin, ansiah tang in sum in ki pia sak hi.)
LUANGEL
Mualbem pan aa ki sat hi. Khua pan aa ansiah khua zindo nadingin ki zang hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Luangel siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
MAUVOM
Tedim kihal ciang aa kisat hi. Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Mauvom hausapan siah tan aa Mauvom siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
TUIMANG
Vangteh pan aa ki sat hi. Khua hausapan ansiah kai lo in a dangteng kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Tuimang ansiah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
VAIVET
Vaiphei khua hi. Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om cinangin Vaivet hausapan siah tan aa Vaivet siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
VANGLAI
Tedim leh Zo kigawm khua hi. Siah om lo hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Vanglai siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
KHUAIVUM
Zo Khua hi. Siah om lo hi.
LOMZANGH
Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Lomzang siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
PHAITU
Khua huasapan siah kai hi.1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Phaitu siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
HIANGZANG
Thado khua hi. Khua hausapan siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om ciangin Hiangzang siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
HANGKEN
Thado khua hi. Khua hausapan siah kai aa Tonzang innpipan lah siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om cinangin Hangken hausapan siah tan aa Hangken siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
SUANGPEK
Khua hausapan siah kai aa Tonzang innpipan lah siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om cinangin Suangpek hausapan siah tan aa Suangpek siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
HOLKOM
Thado khua hi. Khua hausapan siah kai aa Tonzang innpipan lah siah kai hi. 1936 siahtung siahphei bawl kikna om cinangin Holkom hausapan siah tan aa Holkom siah Tonzang innpipan ngah hi.
SIAHTUNG SIAHPHEI
1910 kumin Mangkang kumpi in sila tawh kisai thu pia hi. Silate in tote kaih leh nek te piak dingte amau leh amau in khen sat ding hi. Tote kaih leh nekte ngahna dingin kumpi in huhna pia lo ding hi. Sila kitan nuamte zong kitan thei hi. Ahih hangin kumpi in sawl lo hi ci hi.
Sila nei ukpi, hausa leh to’ pawl khat ten silate tung aa kaih leh nek te ngah na ding leh silate kitat sak nang kumpi tungah hehpihna shiau hi. Kumpi in sang lo hi.
Muizawl Pau Khen makai in, Lailo Tel Khai, Gawngmual Tun Hang, Saizang Thang Lang te tawh sila beinang the gen hi. A khua a khua pan zong sila beinang a gen pih om hi. Muizawl pan Zek Kham, On Sing, Thang Ngul, Nok Neng, Hen Gin, Laitui pan Sin Khup, Thawng Dai, Lailo pan Phawng Khup, Tuilang pan Thual Vung, Thalmual pan Phawng Khan, Kaptel pan Son Thuam, Thuam Khai, Saizang pan Am Thual (nunglamteh Teklui), Suangpi pan Son Khai.
1914 ciangin kumpi in thu pia leuleu hi. Silate tung aa kaihte nekte ngah na ding kumpi in bang mah bawl lo ding hi. Sila kitan nuamte a mau thu hi ci hi. Ahi zongin leiba thangba huhna aa sila suakte tungah, a tote tehci a cingtak tawh, zum ah thu bawlthei hi ci hi. Tua aa ki pan kitan nuamte kitan, kitan nuamlote lah kumpi in bangmah ci nawn lo hi.
“Damdam in Sila bei hi.”
Source:
KHAMTUNG GAM SIAHTUNG SIAHPHEI THU LEH PHAWKHUAI CIIM-NA
Agelh ~ Col. Khen Za Moong (Retired)
Laibu Saal / Zomi eLibrary
in hanciam in ki khenkik (type/typing) in hong ki suaksak ahi hi.
