ARCHIMEDES OF SYRACUSE (287 – 212 BC)
Agelh ~ Timothy Simon Pau
Mi te in, “Poi tak ei maw! Nisa thuak khial aa, mawllawh hi kha ding hi” ci uhhi. Mi khat in abangci mi ahihiam cih hongthei khia kiau hi. A khuapihpa uh mi minthang, tenchia(mathematic) siam minthang, set na, hongbawlkhia mithupi, Archimedes of Syracuse hong hi ta hi.
Sicily tuipi gei zaanggam sung aa om Syracus (Sawltak Paul akhualzin thumvei na, Rome lam manawh aa apaina lampih ah abanna khua Sirakus khua), khuapi pen, a suakta mahmah khuakhat bang in kilem na leh galmuan na in atuamcip laitak ahihi. Sun khualum hong daihpian hun, ni kaai lamkhit ciang in, tuipi pan in huihdamkhi hongnung hiauhiau hi. Inn tuallai zang, lamziik gei dungteng ah mi hoih theimahmah in kizemzilzial sa in vak ziahziah uhhi. Nasep ding neilo pawlkhat tukhawm in bangloteng hiam khat akhawihkhawih te leh kiphasak kawmpian sa in galkap pawlkhat avakvak muh ding zong om hi. Zu sai (Bar) sung khawng ah limtuaktak a zu dawn khawng om aa, bawng leng kai, khedang ging luakluak zong ki za hi.
A hih hang, khuapi sungpen thakhat thu in hongdaivat hi. Zu sai sunga tute in a zu hai uh hongkoih in, dinkawm sa in inn pualam hong en ngeingai uhhi. Tangpi kisil na tuikhuk lam pan in aging lamdang khat hong gingkhia hi. Alamdang pi hi lo in, tangpi kisil na tuikhuk lam pan in pasal khat, aguak tangsitset, puan silhvetlo khat khualai lampi dung ah hongtai hi. Numei pawl bang lausak manliang in, tangval pawl in lah na nuihsan uhhi. “Kua ai hia? A bangci dan? ci in kidong sapsap uh hi. Tuapa lah lungdammel pua zawlai dep hi. Kam mal nih bek gen in awt cih tak in awng keei hi.
A mu te in atal uh dom kawmsa in “Nisa thuak khial aa, a mawl hi ding hi” ci uhhi. A mah athei ngei na om in, amin ki hilh sawn sapsap keei uhhi. A khua pihpa uh tenchia(mathematic) siam minthang, set na lamkhempeuh athei aa, a ngaihsut pa uh na hihi.
A zingsang khua hongvak ciang in, hih pa hai gamtat na thute pen khuapi sung ah mi in genbel in hongnei supsup ta uhhi. Nui buahbuah kawmsa in “mawl gamtat tak ei maw!” Cih thu pen gamsung khempeuh ah kithehthang mang ta hi. Tun kum (2200) valbang ahihkhit hang in atangthu zaaknop mahmah lai hi.
Guaktang aa khualai ah atai, mi in mimawl ai hia le acih uhpen Archimedes ahihi. Greek mipil pa, ganan(mathematic) siam minthang, Engineer leh Mechanic, set van leh ganan(mathematic) aphuak, science zang aa natampi tak amu khia pa ahihi. Sicily sehnel gam sung aa om khuapi minthang mahmah khat ahi Syracuse khua kicihna mun ah BC 287 kum in hongpiang khia hi. Bangtak hiding hiam, khuasung ah aguaktangpi liang aa awk kawmsa in hongtai liang mawk pen? En sin ni e le.
Syracuse ukpi Hiero in kham bawlpa kiang ah, khamsiik bek tawh Ukpi lukhu abawlna ding thupia hi. Tuaciang in Hiero in Ukpi pa sawlna mahbang in hongbawlzo in ukpi pa tung ah hongpia kik hi. Ahih hangin ukpi pa in khamlu khu bawlpa hongmuangmawh in, sik dang tawh gawmkhawm hi ding in hongmuang mawh keei mawk hi. A mipil te kaikhawm in, sik tawh kigawm maw ki gawm lo cih atelcian ding in hong ngen. Bang cidan in telsiam thei ding ih hi hiam? Kua in hih thu telcian thei ding? Archimedes lobuang kua om ding ahia?
Tu hun laikhawng ahihleh bel baihkha mai thei tak hi ahih hang in, tuahun lai in amau ading in akhuak uh buai sak mahmah in, ih mutheilo zahdong in buaikhop khat cing veve hi. Tua hang in tua nasep haksa mahmah kankhiat ding tawhkisai asem ding in Archimedes pen ukpi pa in hongzawn hi.
Archimedes in, khua pihten bangsem? Dam uh hiam? Haksat na anei hiam? cih lam sang in na haksa kan khiat(Scientific problem) ngaihsut na lungsim tawh kidimden zaw hi. Na haksa ngaihsut ding akisam, kankhiat ding na aom limlim nak leh tua in akhuak ngaihsut na teng munla mangpah in ngaihsut cihtak ngaihsun pah in, apaina khempeuh ah tua thu ngaihsut niloh thapai in, a ngaihsut na aphi amuh mateng nadang ngaihsun vetlo hi.
Tangpi kisilna mun ah kisilding apaipen aki ngeinaseh nakhat hi in, hih mun ah zong khamlukhu tawhkisai athungaihsut na mah ngaihsun den hi. Ngaihsun mah dih ve, na mitkha tawh muhsawm sin aw le. Kisil na tuikuang sung ah akidiah na ding tui lu honghawng in, tuakhit teh atuilu hawn lam ngaihsun nawnvet lo in, tuikuang ah tui hong dimlet in hongbua luahluah khia aa, aphawk vatciang in tuilu hongkhakvat hi. Tuikuang sungah kisil ding in hongkumsuk ta in, tualaitak in atuite hongdim let buahbuah ta hi. Tuakhit ciang in leitung ah nakimukhia lak ah aminthang pen ahi “Archimedes Principle” pen hongtung ta hihi.
Tha khat thu in tuikuang sungpan in hongdiangkha vat in, a aw neihzah tawh hong awng in “Eureka! Eureka!” Ci in hong awng khia hi. Eureka cih pen mu ta ingh ei cih na ahihi. Puan asilhloh lam kiphawkvet selo hi. Eureka!!Eureka!! ci kawmkawm sa in khualai zang ah hongtai gawp keei mawk, hehpih huai liang.
A inn hongtung in, a namuh khiat pen hong kancian in, hong ki tuakmahmah hi. Tuaciang, sakhat aa akibawl nakhat pen tui ah diahleng hong zaang zaw deuh in, tua gih na hongbeiciang in tuisung ah hong kidiah khin ta aa, a hih hang in agihna akibang veve mah ahihi cih thu hongthei khia hi. Hihpen abulkipat na ding akisam thupi mahmah khat ahihi. Tuapan in hongmu thuah to zel in, ukpi Hiero kiang ah kham akibawl ukpi lukhu tung ah khambangzah kihel hiam cih hongkancian thei in hong hilh thei ta hi.
Syracuse khuapi aa tengte in Archimedes pen hongthei mahmah ta in, lamdang saliang aa agamtat na pen amah ading alungdam huai maamah thuongsuak to ta hi. Innkuan hoih khatsungpan in hongkhanglian to hi in, a Pa Pheidias pen Aksi lam angaihsun, vanlam tawhksai akan asin khat hi in, a ukpi pa uh ahi Hiero tawhzong kimel theih mahmah uhhi. Pawlkhat bang in ci lehsa lam ah kinai kha ding hi ci in gen uhhi.
Tangval, khangno cil adaawng mikmek lai hun in, Archimedes in Alexander khua ah laisin hi. Aigupta pawl in tui akisap zia hongthei hi. Tuaciang nathak athupi mahmah khat,Archimedes Screw acih uhpen hongmukhia in, tua in set van lam abawlthei dan kilangsak mahmah hi. Hih van in gunkuang bawl na lam ah khantohna tampitak piangsak hi.
Setvan tuamtuam hong mukhia thak to zel hi. Hih hunla in Mediteranean tuipi gei gamsung teng ah kido na omden hi. Syracuse Ukpi pa Hiero inzong kigalgin na ding in ci in, amipil pa uh pen gam kepcing theih nading leh agalte aleh do na ding galhiam bawlsak hi.
Tuatak ciang in, amawlgamtat thei zel pa in hih nasep nalam ah alungsim teng piak kipan ta hi. Nikhat, ukpi pa kiang ah “a kalh kang na ding ciang leh a do na ding hoihmahmah khat hongpia thei le cin bel, leitung buppi kalkaang thei ning” ci in honggen ek mawk! Ukpi mawl simtham khat aa ding inbel up hak veve in teh. Ahih hang in Syracuse ukpi pa pen tuadan hi lo bilbel hi. Tangthu gelh siam minthang Plutarch in misiam’pa na mukhiat, a et sin natawh kisai thu honghilh in- Gunkuang khat, van apua, atung ah gunkuang hawlte zong atuang pen tuipi laizaang ah dinkhawlsak hi. Archimedes pen a gamla pitak mun pan in a nabawl thak mun gei ah ding hi. Tua setvan pen khau leh na akipei thei khat tawh aki kaancip hi.A letna ding abawlna ah honglen in akhut hong tangsak khia ta hi. Tuatak ciang in gunkuang dinglai pi ahawl om bang in damdam in ama omna lam manawh in hongpai pah zenzen maihi.
Rome General Marcellus in Syracuse hong simtaktak ta hi. Archimedes ii bawl setvan pi pen tuipi gei ah hongphut uhhi. Roman galkap tuanna gunkuang pi te uh pen Syracuse tuipi gei hongtungkuan ta ei acih teh, Archimedes leh apawl te hong tangta uh aa, gunkuang pawlkhat pen tuipi sung ah tumpah in, pawlkhat te tuipi nawl suangte tawhkitaih in kisia pahzikzek aa, pawlkhat leuleu pen vanlam ah kikhaito valval in tuakhit teh tuipi tung ah kiasuk kik in, tuipisung ah tumgai mang uhhi.
Rome pawl ading in lungman huai veve kha ding hi. General Marcellus inzong amakai telak ah misiam(engineer) te pen kaikhawm in, deihtak in Archimedes adokik dan ding tawhkisai kup pih ngeingei kha ding hi. Atheihtawp suah in gunkuang lian mahmah giat tawh hongkuan kik uh hi. Ahih hang in Archimedes in setvan khat mah tawh buaisak leuleu in, gunkuang mawkmawk bang in kisia gaimang sak hi.
Tangthu kigen zelzul khat ah, Rom galkap te tuipi galpek ah aom lai in, maan tuamtuam zang in khuavak thahatna(power lens) hongbawl khia aa, tuazang in agunkuangpi te uh halsak gaimang in kigen hi. Ahih hang in hihthubel maan taktak lo kha thei ding hi. Tangthugelh siam Plutarch te, Livy te, Polibius te in tuabang gelh ngeilo uhhi.
Khatvei zong ih mipil pa in gunkuang sangmahmah dawn ah khauhual golpipi hong khul ziahzuah hi. Rom galkap ten tua khaulhual kikhung amuh uh pen amau suksiat nading aa setvan thak khat bawlpha leuleu hi ding in ngaihsun uh ahih man in, bakleng bang in lauluakisa in taikeek gaimang uh hi ci hi.
General Marcellus pen aheh hong suak lua mahmah ta in, a mipil pawl(engineer) pawl in Syracuse scientist pa tukzo lo cih hongthei khia hi. Tuahang in tuipi gei ah va do sang, tuipi tungah Greek pawl hongpaikhiat ding na pan bawl ta mai hi. A hehsuak lua ahih man in “tenchia (mathematic) tawh abuaiden pa akido himai lo maw, tuipi gei ah tu hithiat in, ih gunkuang hongsuksiat saktheih pen kimawlna khat bang aa ngaihsun mahzaw lai hilo maw” ci in gen hi ci hi. Plutarch in zong “Syracuse pawl pen bangmah hilopi uh, Archimedes ii khuakpil na zang in, midangte khut leh khe bang aa azat hi lel hi. Archimedes galvan bawlte pen aneihsunsun uh galvan himai hi, galvan dang bangmah zanglopi uh” ci hi.
Archimedes in agalvan bawlte pen minthan pih in, mi in thupitngaihsutsak mah tase leh amah in bel thupit ngaihsut khol lo lel hi. Lai in zong ciamteh nuamse lo hi. Tua hunlaitak in, tangpi in athupitsak kholloh uh, Science hoihtak zang aa anabawl te thupisak zaw hi.
Tanglai mi, BC hun lai aa mi khat ahihhang in, Archimedes pen science siamna lam ah lampisial pa, set van(mechanics) leh nabawl siam na(engineering) lampi hong pa, mithupi mahmah khat ahihi. A na mukhiat leh asiam na tampitak laibu in gelh khia hi. Inn lamsiam na(geometry) lam abul pan khia pa hihi.
Hih anuai ate pen alaibu gelh pawlkhat hi in, Zopau tawh honggelh selo in manglai in honggelh mai ning ei:
On the Sphere and Cylinder
The measurement of the circle
On Connoids and Spheroids
On Spiral
On the Equilibrium of Planes or Centres of Gravity of Planes
The Quadrature of the Parabola
On Floating Bodies
The Psamites
The Method
A Collection of Lemus
Hih tepen laibu leh thuguisau(essay) in gelhmang gaih ahih hang, muh ding omnawn lo hi. A om nawnloh hang in laibugelh pawlkhat in tualaibu sung aa thute lakhia in (quotation) hong gelh ngeingai uh ciang hongki theikhia veve hi. Aksi lam sinna(astronomy) te zong kihel niknek hi.
Archimedes ii tenchia(mathematic) siamdan pen hoihtak in akitheih tel zawh loh hang in a maan khat bel om, tua in tulaitak aa tenchia(mathematic) sung ah akisin ahi, sik namkhat leh adangnam khat khenna ding in Archimedes na muhkhiat te pen hongkizang to zel hi cih ahi hi.
Archimedes ii amimal nuntak dan pen kithei khol lo hi. Khatveivei pen lamdang tak leh nuihzak huai mahmah in gamta theizel hi cih pen kitel hi. Scientist dang te mahbang in ana sin leh a nasep na ah alungsimkhempeuh piaden ahih man in, ataksa pumpi kikep na lam mangngilh kha den liang hi. Tangpi kisil na munpan in kaihkhiat hun bang omliang ngei hihtuak hi. Kisil laitak in asatpiang phuan tawh aci tung ah alim(geometry) suaih thu zong kiciamteh hi. A na ngaihsut khat pen lunglut theilua ahih man in, na dang khempeuh mangngilh sitset kha zel a hih manin, mi in ahai gamtat bang sa thei zel uhhi.
Archimedes hang in Rome pawl in kum (3) sung valding Syracuse hong la thei lo uhhi. A tawp tawp na ah hongla thei ta uhhi. Tua hunlai tak in ih mipil pa in nadang na buaipih man zen hi.
Rome General Marcellus in amuh nop mahmah leh athupit ngaihsut mahmah pa a hi Archimedes mel hongmu kha lo mawk hi. A khutnuai mi te kiang ah Archimedes zong ding in thu hong pia hi. Galkap pawl pen thupiak akigensawnsawn azangkhat uh ahih man in, tua ahih ciang aa “Archimedes va zong khia un, General pa in munuam hi” cih thupiak hongpua in hongzong ta uhhi.
Ih putek pa pen ama inn sung sualtung ah natukawm sa in suangpeek tung ah lim lamdangtuamtuam na gelhzihziah hi. Galkap pa in, “Nang hongpaisin, General in hongmu nuam hi” va ci hi. Puteek pa in tuathu gen pen thupitngaihsut sak lo in, za zong za kei leh kilawm hi.
Tua takciang in galkap pa ahehsuak lua ta ahih ciang aa, thupiak khatvei honggen kik hi. Puteek pa Archimedes in “Bang ai hia? Ki leh kik mai o, buai lua ingh” cih san ziau hi.
General kiang ah paipih ding cih pen thupiak hi mawk ahih man in,galkap pa in abanpan in man in paipih hongsawm veve hi. Archimedes in galkap pa khut hongsingkhia in, “Ka nasep ka zawh loh in koi mah ah paithei lo ding hing” ci hi.
Hih thumawk pen galkap pa in zahtak lohna khat in hongngaihsun ta hi. A tawp na ah thupiak laidal hongsim kik in, honggen kik aa, tua zong ih puteek mipil pa in na thupi simsak tuanlo hi. Galkap pa in a ngun namsau hongdok in, Archimedes pen hongsat suk giap hi. Scientist mithupi mahmah, khuak hoih phadeuh, tangpi ading aa nahoih asepsak den pa, mipil pa ii sisan hongluang khia ziahziah hi. A ma innsung sualtung ngiat tung ah asisan kainianua kawmsa in honglum diangduang ta hi.Tua galkap mimawl pa in leitung mithupi pa ii nuntak na laksak ta mawk hi.
Marcellus in Archimedes asihdan thu hongtheih takciang in, honglungkim thei vetlo hi. A that galkap pa pen satlup dingbang ut phial liang ding hi. A lungsim nasa lua in, aleh langkhat ngatsan aa, athupi asak mahmah pa hong taan ta hi. Archimedes pen hongki vui ta aa, khangthak mi tulza tampi sih khit nungna ngawn in amin mangngei lo ding hi.
Laibu Saal / Zomi eLibrary
