NELSON MANDELA' TANGTHU LEH AMA' TUNG PANIN THALAKNA
South Africa gamte in Minam' Zuapa (Father of the Nation) cih minphatna leh zahtakna a kipia Nelson Mandela in South Africa gam uk mikangte in mikangte leh mivomte deidantuamna dingin vanzat in a neih uh "apartheid system" kici a kibeisakna dingin hiamgamna leh ngongtatna zang loin South African Apartheid non-violent movement a makaihna hangin 1962 in matna tuakin thong na kia hi.
1962 kum in South African Apartheid beisakna dingin non-violent movement a makaihna hangin thonginn ah a kikhum khitin state/government lotthal (overthrow) sawm hi ci-in Rivonia Trial kici thukhenna ah a nuntak sung thongkia dingin dan (sentenced to life imprisonment) thuak hi.
Kum 27 sung Mandela thong na kia hi. A kikhumna thonginnte pen Robben Island, Pollsmoor Prison leh Victor Verster Prison ahi hi. February 11, 1990 in thonginn panin kikhahkhia pan a, a suahtakna hong ngah ngawngaw pan bek hi.
MANDELA' TANGTHU TOM KIM A ETNA
18 July 1918 in Mvezo, Cape Province, Union of South Africa ah Rolihlahla Mandela cih min a kiphuak Mandela na piang hi. 1944 kum in sitni (lawyer) ahi Mandela in South Africa gam adingin political organisation upa pen African National Congress (ANC) ah na kihel a, tua khit nungin Johannesburg sunga ANC youth wing makai in hong pang hi. 1952 kum in Mandela in ANC deputy national president za hong len a, tua a kipanin South Africa gam-a mikangte thupi pen in vanglian pen hi ngaihsutna nei white supremacist kici leh minam kideidantuamna leh kituamkhenna (racial segregation) institutionalized system a kisuaksak "apartheid" a kici hiamgamna leh ngongtatna zang loin lehdo (nonviolent resistance) dingin hong tangkopih hi.
February 1955 kum in minority white government in Johannesburg khuapi sunga om Sophiatown suburb a teeng mivom khempeuh hawlkhiat a, mun dangah aana tawh teensak ding a sawmna vai tawh kisai hangin panin peaceful protest ah Mandela a kihel hangin lawhsam uh hi. Hih thu hangin Mandela in apartheid leh white minority government beisakna dingin ngongtatna mah zat a, violent action tawh do loh kiphamawh hi ci-in khensatna la hi. Madela hilh hoih piakna (advised) tung tawnin Sisulu in People's Republic of China tungah galvan a nget hangin kinolhsan hi. Chinese government in anti-apartheid struggle (dona) thukimpim in a gup hangin a movement in guerrilla warfare zang dingin kiman nai lo hi cih ngaihsutna nei hi.
South African Indian Congress, Coloured People's Congress, South African Congress of Trade Unions leh Congress of Democrats kihelin ANC in Congress of the People kici tawh post-aparthied era hun ciangin South Africans khempeuh tungah a ngimna leh sawmna (proposals) zaksak dingin thukim uh hi.
Ahih hangin 21 March 1960 kum in Sharpeville township sunga om Transvall kicihna mun-a police station ah buaina leh ngongtatna bawl loin lungphona nei mivomte (peaceful black protesters) 7,000 kiim lak panin 69 a kilomthah (massacred) in, mi 180 in liamna a tuah (Sharpeville Massacre a kici) khit nungin South Africa gam-a minam nei white minority government lehdona dingin ANC in paramilitary branch a neihte un galdo mi tam lolo zangin thakhat thu in suamna (guerrilla warfare) phuankhiatna ah huhna na pia hi.
1961 kum in white minority government in a gam lehpei in a lehdo (treason) hi ci-in a mat hangin ngawhna dingin teci kici a neih loh manin khah kik hi. Ahih hangin 1962 in white minority government phalna om loin illegal in a gam a nusiatsan manin matna tuak kik hi. Mandela court in mawhpaih ahih manin Robben Island Prison a kici tuikulh a om thonginn ah kum nga sung thongkia hi. 1964 kum in kumpi suksiat sawm hi cih ngawhna (sabotage charge) ngawhna tuakin thukhenna dan na thuak kik hi. June 1964 in Mandela leh ANC makai pawl khatte Rivonia Trial kici thukhenna ah a nuntak sung thongkia dingin dan kipia hi.
Kum 27 thongkiat hun sung lak panin kum 18 sung a hamsa mahmah Robben Island Prison a kici tuikulh thonginn ah Mandela kikhum hi. Lupna leh tui nangawn a om lo dei dei mahmah sunga a kikhumcip hun sungin Mandela leito dingin aana tawh kisawl in nasep (forced labour) kisemsak hi. Kha guk ta hal bekin mi lai a khak theih banah khat bek bek laikhak gelh theihna dingin phalna kipia hi. Kum khat sungin minute 30 sung bek khat vei ta amah a va vehte (visitor) tawh a kimuh theihna dingin khuan kipia hi.
Tua bangin bawlsiatna leh nengniamna a thuak hangin Mandela in lungkiatna dingin ngaihsut in nei lo a, thonginn ah a kikhum sungin a ukte thu ngongtatna zang loin thongkiate in a thu uh mang lohna dingin Gandhi in India gam-ah British colonial empire a zawhna civil disobedience movement kici a zat bangin na makaih ahih manin anti-apartheid movement makai Mandela thong sungah a ciamteh tham makai suak veve a, South African officials ten Robben Island ah thahat hatna a zatna uh damdam in hong khiamsuk uh hi. Tua khit nungin mun dangah kipuak a, a vakkhia thei lo dingin house arrest in kikhumcip kik hi.
1989 kum in F.W. de Klerk in South African president hong len a, South Africa gam-a mikang ten mivomte nengniamna ding leh bawlsiatna dingin a zat uh apartheid suksiat a, beisakna dingin panlak hong kipan hi. De Klerk in ANC party om ding phal loin a kikhamna (ban) a lakkhiat zawh nungin mivomte thahna (execution) phiat a, February 1990 in Nelson Mandela a kikhahkhiatna dingin thu pia hi.
Kum 27 a kikhumcipna panin a suahtak khit zawh a sawt loin Mandela in white minority government in apartheid a beisakna ding leh minam tuamtuam kipawlkhawm kumpi (multiracial government) bawlkhiatna ding vai tawh kisai-in ANC tawh a kihona uh-ah ANC party hong makaih hi. Hih thu hangin 1993 kum in Mandela leh de Klerk tungah a nih un a kikop dingun Nobel Peace Prize pahtawina kipia hi. 1994 kum in Africa gam tangthu adingin free election om masaknah ANC in mipite vote a tam pen (electoral majority) hong ngah ahih manin South Africa’ president dingin Mandela kiteelcing a, 10 May 1994 – 16 June 1999 kikal sung president len hi.
Mandela in 1999 kum in politics khawlsan hi. Politics a khawlsan hangin kum 95 a phak zawh December 5, 2013 in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa ah Mandela a sih dongin leitung bup-ah kilemna ding leh tangpi tangta sungah thuman thutang tangkopih (global advocate for peace and social justice) den ahih manin a sih khit nung nangawn in glocan icon suak ahih manin a min kimangngilh nawn lo ding hi.
Thonginn panin Madela a kikhahkhiat dingin hih bangin na gen hi: "Ka suahtakna kongkhak ah ka din' lai takin ka thuak gimna, thangpaihna (hehna) leh ka sinsona hangin ka lungkimlohnate nusiatsan (thonginn sungah) lo hi le'ng thonginn sung mah ah ka om lai veve lai ding hi cih ka phawkkhia hi," na ci hi. Hehna leh lungkimlohna thonginn ah mi bang zah thongkia in i omcip den lai a? Hehna thangpaihna leh muisiatna na neihte in nang hong thahatsak tuam lo a, lungkimlohna leh sinsona hong guan semsem hi. Maisakna in nang hong thanemsak tuam lo a, hong suaktasak zaw hi. Nang leh nang a tawntung in thonginn sungah kikhukcip den kha kei in.
A kaikhawm:
Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs
References:
History.com and Wikipedia
Laibu Saal / Zomi eLibrary
