NA RIGHTS A VALIN ZANG KEI IN; NA RIGHTS THEI IN.
Agelh ~ Thang Khan Lian
Tu sawng teng online social media ah ko political upna man zaw hi, ko panna leh nasepna hoihzaw leh thupi zaw hi cih dan pianin huih thau vive tawh politics man lopi in kikaptuahna leh kikhuttuahna tawh mi up theih ding kalkhia nuam in, kei aa hi ci teitei a kal tentan, ama aa ahihna gen (claims) tam mahmah a, muh bangbang um a khembaih mahmah ding laisim mite (gullible readers) teng lung-am sak khin gawp hi. Politics thei lopi in a kuku tam mahmah hi. British author leh journalist Eric Arthur Blair (a pen name George Orwell cih tawh a kithei zaw) in, "Gam leh minam vai tawh kisai pau;kammal (political language) pen thuman banga kilang thei ding ngimna tawh zuau leh a zahtakhuaite thahna ding hi a, huih siangtho banga kilang ding kammal hi," a cih man mahmah hi.
Myanmar leh Indian Constitution ah single political party leh single political belief a om ding hi cih articles khat beek a tuan'na om lo a, na muhdah mahmah uh leh na el mahmah uh communist gamte thukham bangin thukham om lo hi. Tua ahih manin nang ngaihsutna leh muh zia tawh kituak lo ngaihsutna leh muh zia nei lo khempeuh na gal hilo hi. Nang muhna leh ngaihsutna tawh kibang lo nei teng Zomi langpang hilo hi. Tua beek politics uuk ihih thei thei masak phot ding kisam hi.
Taanglai leh tu hunin political thinkers tam mahmah a, a theories uh kibang vet lo hi. Political kammal kinak zat mahmah politics, government, state, democracy, sovereignty, federalism, autonomy, civil society etc etc cihte zong a gen dan uh leh hilhcianna piak dan uh kibang lo vek hi. Nang ngaihsutna tawh kibang lo ngaihsutna nei teng Zomi langpang ci-in online ah Zomite sutuah dingin kuku nawn kei un. Na zuau gen uh a um ding sohai pawl khat a om tei sam hangin Zomite khempeuh khemzawh ding hi nawn lo hi. Nang ngaihsutna leh thusan zia bek mansa-in mi dangte tungah na koihkhum (impose) sawm pen democracy ngeina hilo hi.
A utte Zuaumi, Zoomi, Chin, Zomi Ngaumi a kici nuam peuhmah a kicih theihna dingun democracy ah personal choice, individual freedom leh personal rights kinei ciat hi. Political beliefs tuamtuam pen leitung bei dong kisutuah den in, kinawktuah den ding hi. Democracy cidam lai a, dictatorship tawh ki-ukna nuai-ah ki-om nawn lo hi cih a kimuhna leh kitelna lim (signs) hi zaw hi. Political beliefs hoih nono neite bek suakta in muibun lo ding uh a, sepkhiatna tawh lakkhia in, vision kician a neihte uh muh theih dingin sepkhia thei-in a taksuah sak theite bek nungta in, muibun ding uh a, a gum ding tam ding hi.
1956 in Hundred Flowers Movement or Hundred Flowers Campaign hun lai-in Communist Party of China Chairman Mao Zedong in Communist regime tawh ki-ukna tawh kisai ngaihsutna suakta takin gam mi ten a gen theihna dingun, "Let a thousand flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend" ("Ngaihsutna kibang lo za khat kinial in kitawng ngeingai hen la, paak tul tampi paak hen,") cih slogan a tangkopih lungngaih tham cing mahmah hi. Ei ngaihsutna bek man hi cih upna mitdel sialkhau let teta in, dictatorship tawh ki-ukna gu kham lai bangin beelkang kituhpih ding mi zongzong nawn kei ni.
Democracy gam khempeuh ah gam mite political rights kibang pian ciat sim hi (tawmtawm a kibat lohna a om zek tei sam hangin). Gentehna dingin Article -19 of Indian Constitution ah gam mi khempeuh in rights hih bang nei hi.
Suakta takin ngaihsutna genkhiat theihna dingin hamphatna (Freedom of speech and expression).
Suakta takin galvan tawi loin kipawlkhawm theihna ding - biak kikhopna, khawmpi, seminar, conference cihte neih theihna ding in hamphatna (Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms). US ten bel Second Amendment Act hangin mipi omkhawmna mun, kipawlna leh mipi omna munte nangawn ah thau tawi theihna ding hamphatna nei uh hi.
Suakta takin kipawlna khatpeuh, tangpi tangta kipawlna phuankhiat theihna dingin hamphatna (Freedom to form associations or unions or cooperative societies)
India gam sung mun khempeuh ah suakta takin zinsuk zintoh theihna ding hamphatna (Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India).
India gam sung utna peuh om theihna ding leh teen theihna dingin hamphatna (Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India).
Nek zonna ding leh kivakna dingin i siamna leh septheih bangin nasep theihna ding, sum bawl theihna ding (kumpi' thukham palsat loin) sum zon theihna dingin hamphatna (Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business).
Indian Constitution in hamphatna (Fundamental Rights) guk citizens khempeuh rights pia hi. Tuate in: Right to Equality: Article 14-18; Right to Freedom: Article 19-22; Right Against Exploitation: Article 23-24; Right to Freedom of Religion: Article 25-28; Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29-30; Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32-35 leh Right to Education: Article 21(A) hi. Mi kim in i telsiamna dingin suut khawm suk deudau ni (gam tuamtuamte Constitution ah zong hih bang rights om ciat a, dan/gawtna piak zia a tuamtuam ciat om hi).
Right to Equality: Article 14-18
Equality before law: Citizenship nei khempeuh law mai-ah kikim a, State in law a kikim in a humbit ding cih ahi hi. India gam sungah law mai-ah mi khempeuh kikim a, law sanga sang zaw kuamah om lo hi. (Kuamah in law amau khut sungah la-in gamtang thei lo hi).
Biakna, minam, namke, nu leh pa khenna (sex) leh pianna hun hang tawh kideituamna phal lo hi.
Public Employment ah nasepna ngah theihna dingin citizenship nei khempeuh in hamphatna kikim nei hi.
Kilawmkhak theih lohna (Untouchability) constitution in phiat a, tua bangin gamtate constitution thukham palsat ahih manin court in gawtna pia thei hi. Dalit minamte pen minam lawn'khak theih loh bangin ngaihsun om a, a lawng nuam vet lo, tu khawm, an ne khawm, nasem khawm nuam lo mi om hi.
British ten min leh za (titles) a piakte uh gentehna dingin "Sir" leh Madam" cihte Indian constitution in phiat a, a zahtakhuai mite Sir or Madam cih teitei ding cih thukham in phal lo hi.
Right to freedom (Article 19-22):
Suahtakna dingin hamphatna
I. Article 19 of the Indian constitution in Indian citizenship neite adingin suahtakna (freedom) nam guk:
Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms
Freedom to form Associations and Unions
Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India
Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India
Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business pia hi.
Article 19 (2) in a tunga freedoms gukte lakah ciangtan leh dalna (restrictions) a koih om a, Constitution in hih bangin ci hi:
Right to Freedom of speech and expression hamphatna mi kim in a neih hangin India a suakta gam ahihna tawh thuneihna khempeuh a neihna (sovereignty), kipumkhatna (integrity) leh bitna (security) humbitna dingin ciangtan nei a, ut bang teng gen a, phengtat ding phal loin, gam dangte tawh kitanauna nawngkaisak lohna ding, thukham humbitna ding, sia leh pha khentheihna ding, a kilawm a kituak ciangin gamtatna ding, court simmawh lohna ding, mi dangte minsiatna bawlna ding leh thukham palsat in mi dangte thapiakna (incitement) leh hehna pian'sakna dingin gamtat ding phal lo hi.
Right to assemble peacefully and without arms: Hih pen Indian sovereignty interest, integrity leh public order (buaina pian lohna ding) omna dingin thau tawi loin kilemhuai takin mipi kipawlkhawmna bawl theih hi.
Right to form associations or unions hamphatna a om hangin Indian sovereignty interests leh integrity, public order or morality om theihna dingin ciangtan nei hi.
Right to move freely throughout the territory of India and to reside and settle hamphatna a om hangin Schedule Tribe mite hamphatna nawngkaisakna ding leh mipi a tamzaw nawngkaisak theihna dingin utna peuh ah teen theihna dingin dalna in ciangtan nei hi. Gentehna dingin Nagaland state bangin Article 371 tawh Hindute a ut bangin a teen theihna ding uh phal lo hi.
Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business hamphatna a om hangin state in profession (nekzonna dingin nasepna) khat ngah theihna dingin professional or technical qualifications a kisam bangin thukham bawl thei hi.
II. Protection in respect of conviction for offences: Hih thukham nuai-ah Indian citizen khatin thukham a palsatna tawh a gamtat kei leh mawhpaih (convicted) theih lohna ding thukham (act) bawl a, thukham in a gawtna piak dingin a kiseh val gawtna piak theih loh hi.
III. Protection of life and personal liberty: Indian constitution Article 21 ah kuamah suhsak theih loh dingin mikim in amau suahtakna dingin "personal life or liberty" pia a, hih right pen emergency hun sung lo buangin a right uh government in phiatsak thei lo hi.
IV. Protection against arrest and detention: Hih thukham in ngawhna tawh mi khatpeuh a kimat ding ciangin bang hangin hong kiman hiam cih a theih theihna ding uh right nei a, a hang gen loin mi mat ding phal lo hi. Thukham palsat khat leh ngawhna tuak mi khatpeuh a kimat khak leh district judge mai-ah naikal 24 in a kipuak pah a, a kidinsakna dingin right a neih banah amah humbit ding lawyer/judge a neih theihna dingun right pia hi. Maituamsa peuh in a hang om lo leh a hang gen loin mi mat theihna ding right nei om lo hi.
Right against exploitation (Article 23-24):
Kuamah in a kilawm lo leh a kituak lopi-in hong bawlsiat leh nengniam theih lohna dingin hamphatna - Hih Article 23-24 ah provision nih om hi.
Mihing zuakna (trafficking) leh khutdawh (beggar) ding beisakna ding ngimna hi. Trafficking, beggar leh aana tawh nasepsakna (forced labour) thukham (law) in phal lo a, law ah gawtna ding tuang hi.
Van bawlna munte (factories) leh suangmeihol leh leisung sumpiangte tohkhiatna (mining) leh a kihtakhuai nasepna munte ah naupang kum 14 nuaite nasem in zat leh guaih ding thukham in phal lo hi.
Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25-28):
Biakna leh thu-upna khatpeuh zuih theihna dingin hamphatna;biakna hangin kuamah bawlsiat theih lohna ding leh deidantuam theih lohna dingin hamphatna –
Mimal sia leh pha khentheihna tawh biakna khatpeuh zuih theihna ding, tangkopih theihna ding
Biakna tawh kisai ngeina leh gamtat zat taang dingte a piankhiatna, nate sinna, siamsinna leh huhna ding zatnate (institutions for religious and charitable purposes) bawl theihna ding
biakna tawh kisai lamsang ei thuneihna tawh ki-uk theihna ding
a kikhin thei leh a kikhin thei lo vante neih theihna ding
thukham tawh kituakin neihsate kepbit theihna ding
biakna hat theihna ding siah; sumpi leh neihsa lamsate piakkhiat theihna ding
Educational institution ah biakna tawh kituak a kivaipuak theihna ding.
Cultural & educational rights (Articles 29-30):
Ngeina leh siamsinna lamsang ah minam neu/tawmte Iminorities) hamphatna ngahna ding, educational institutions a phuankhiat tuam theihna ding uh leh amau thuneihna tawh a kivaipuak theihna ding uh, educational institutions ah admission bawlna ah deidantuam lohna ding, hamphatna
6.Right to Education: Article 21(A):
2002 in a kibawl 2009 panin a kizui constitution ah Right to Education bill ki-passed a, hih right ah kum 6-14 kikal mite in siamsinna a ngah theihna dingin hamphatna nei uh hi.
Right to Property (Article 31):
Neihsa lamsa humbit theihna ding, aana tawh kuamah in a suhsak theih lohna ding hamphatna - Right to Property (Article 31)
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32-35):
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution provisions in fundamental rights khempeuh humbitna dingin legal enforcement pia hi. Constitution in state pen fundamental rights palsat lianpen ahih manin citizens rights humbitna dingin citizenship nei khempeuh in a fundamental rights uh a humbit theihna dingun state in a rights uh a palsat sak leh Court ah khiat theihna dingin hamphatna leh suahtakna pia hi.
Right to Privacy pen Article 21 (leh additionally under Part III rights ah zong): Indian Institution ah Right to Privacy mi kim in nei hi. Na maan, na Email account, na Facebook account leh adng dngte nang phalna lo tawh mi dang teng hong post sak, hong buluhsakin hong zatsak leh Court ah khiat theih hi. Thukham palsatna khauh zia tawh kituakin dan piak theihna ding tuamtuam om a, liau theihna leh thongkiat lawh theihna hi.
