Mihing Hamphatna Khutzat bulpi-5
Agelh~Khansuan T. Guite
Pimangna pan mite vengbitna ding ah kumpi te hih a nuai a sepding mawhpuakna nam (14) zui in panlak ding Leitung bup hotkhiatna pawlpi (Amnesty International) in gelhkhia hi.
Mawhsakna;
Gam khat vaihawmtu lian pen te in pimangna pen langpan in do takpi ahihna lak ding hi. Amaute pen bang ci bang mun peuh ah pimangna sem mite pen mawk koihlo ding ahihna palik te leh a dang venbitna tawh kisai galvan tawi mite sulzuih sak ding kisam hi.
Thupiakna tawh vaihawm ding.
Vengbitna sai galvan tawi thunei vaihawm mite in a nuai a nasem mite khatpeuh in pimangna a sep lohna dingun thukham tawh gakcip ding hi. Pimangna sem ding a thupia tu (or) thumang tu(or) thupiakna nuai a kihelkha mite khempeuh te khialhna palsatna nei hi a, thaman piak ding ahi hi.
(3) Matna leh khahna thute ah:
Mi khatpeuh matna ah a hang, khumcipna mun, omna mun suanna leh khahkikna te ah thu leh la a kicing in a innkuan pihte leh a tanau, thukham siam (lawyer) leh thukhen zum te ah zasak ding hi. Khahkhiat ciang in zong a kikhah na thu kician tak in kipia hen la, a nuntakna ah zong lungmuanna omsak ding kisam hi.
Kulhkhum mite vengbitna:
Khumcipna thuak mite pen a innkuan pihte, a tanau lawm leh gual te, thukham siam (lawyer) te in baihlam tak a zon muh theihna ding in koi mun a koih, kua thunei mi vaihawmna nuai a om, a mau a ding in lauhuai lo hi cih a theihna ding un leh muanmawh thu tawh matna thuak te khah kik ding cih bang thukhenna tawh kisai puahphatna te ngahsak ding hi.
A simtham a khumcipna ki om sak kei hen:
Kumpi te in mipi theihpihna mun bek ah khumcipna nei ding hi. Khumcipna mun khempeuh leh bulpi ah a kihen cip mite a ding in nisim ciaptehna koih ding hi. Tua ciaptehna sung a thu leh la te a kihencip mite innkuante, thukham siam, thukhen mangpi leh mat a om mi thu leh la lunglutna a kantheihna ngah pawlpi te leh thukhenna paizia tawh kisai a lunglut midang te theisak ding hi.
Matna leh kulhkhumna tung ah septheihna:
Matna leh khumcipna pen thukham zui a thuneihna nei mite bek sep ding ahi hi. Mi man tu in matna thuak mi kiangah a min, a zaa, a nasepte gen ding hi. Matna leh khumcipna sem dingin kua te in thuneihna kipia hiam cih kumpi te in kician tak in lai gelh ding hi. Pimangna a piangsak thei ding lampialna ah a kilawm bang in gawtna kipia ding hi.
(7) Kulhkhumna thuak mite tawh kithuzakna:
Mat a om mi khempeuh te a manlang thei pen in thukhen zum ah puak ding hi. Innkuan pih (or) tanau lawm leh gual (or) thukham siam (or) siavuan te tawh a tawntung in thu kiza thei ding hi. Phalna nget kullo a a maute vaveh (muh) theihna, khaktanna omlo in ciah leh kuan theihna te pen khumcipna mun khempeuh ah kipia ding hi.
(8) Thukham deihloh khaktanna:
Pimangna a sem mi khatpeuh in khialhna nei ahi hi. Tua khialhna neu leh lian zui in thaman kipia ding hi. Mipi patau linglawng hun, gal buai hunsung in ahi zongin pimangna pan venbitna leh pimang na a sem mite panpihna te tawpsanna ding hi.
(9) Mimal khatciat mawhpuakna:
Matna leh khumcipna a kihel thuneite thu sinsakna ah pimangna a pian lohna ding kidalna ding zia te hel ding hi. Pimangna ah kihel dingin thupiakna te nial theihna ding mawhpuakna leh hamphatna te hoihtak in sinsak dinghi. Pimangna ah a kihel mite pen tungsiah te thupiak (or) thunei tu te thupiakna bang a ka sep hi ci a kitha lepna (paulap zonna) pen kisang lo hi.
(10) Thukan sittelna (investigation)
Pimangna thu tawh kisai hekna ah kumpite in a kin thei pen in sulzuih in kantel ding hi. Thukanna ah a kimu khia thu leh la te mipi te theisak ding hi. Pimangna ah kihel kha ding a upmawh Ulian, thuneite pen tua hunsung a mawhpuakna pan in din khawlsak pak ding hi. Pimang na thuak mite’ tanau te pen thukan sittelna pan muhkhiatna te theisak ding hi. A hektu te, mit a mu teci, thukham siam te leh thusitna a kihel mite vaulauna a thuak lohna ding un veng ding hi.
(11) Thukhen zum ah hekna:
Pimangna ah a kihel kha mite pen thukhen zum mai ah kipuak in thusitna kinei ding hi. Koi mun, koi mual a piang ahi zongin, kua gam mi ahi zongin a kisai kha mi khempeuh in hunsawt ngak lo in thusit ding hi. Thusitna pen mipite a ding a kihong thukhen zum hi ding hi. A palsat mite pen thukham zui in khialhna thaman thuakna pan kipengsak kei hen.
(12) Zangna dopna:
Pimangna a om mite leh a ma lukhaina nuai a nungta mite in kumpi te tung pan zangna dopna ngen thei ding hi. Zatui zaha tawh etkolna leh kitun din kikna ding panpihna kipia ding hi.
(13) Mihing hamphatna thukimna laipi te kipsakna: (Leitung bup nasepna zui a nasepna)
Kumpi te in ICCPR leh thumeizom thukimna (Optional Protocol) sung a pimangna pan kidalna ding leh kipelh theihna ding tawh kisai mimal khatsim i hekna te bang a sep ding kihel leitung bup thukimna kipsak ding hi. Kumpi te’n pimangna tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna pen UN thu tangko bang in sem ding hi. Hih bang a sepna ah tua thu palsatna tawh kisai leitung bup pawlpi te lamlahna, kawk muhna te sang ding hi.
(14) Leitung bup mawhpuakna.
Pimangna omna gam ah kibawl kik theihna ding in kumpi te in lampi tuamtuam tawh sem ding hi. Pimangna a kiamna ding in a kisam nate, vante leh siamna, gal leh sa lungmuanna leh palik te sinsakna te nei ding hi. Mi khatpeuh a tung ah pimangna a thuak theihna ding gam ah kipuak teitei kei hen.
Article (10) ICCPR
(A)Suahtakna a kikhaktansak mite i mihing vang leh mihing hihna te zahtak sak ding hi.
(B)(i) A hun leh mun piak loh man cih loh in hekna thuak mite pen khialhna nei a thukhen satna thuak te tawh tuam koih in khialhna neilo bang in bawl ding hi.
(ii) Hekna thuak a kum cing nailo mite pen mi picingte tawh kituam koih ding a, a thubuai uh zong a kin thei pen in sittel sak ding hi.
(C) Tan inn (jail) sung ah kulhkhumna thuak mite hinkhua tunding kikna ding ngimna kinei in na kisem ding hi. Naupang te leh picing te a tuam in koih dinga, a mau tawh kituak ciat in ki-uk ding hi.
Khumcipna thuak mite’n zong hamphatna nei hi. Article (10) sungah khumcipna thuak mite hamphatna te in:-
(1) Mihing khat hihna hang in zahtak ding:
(2) Khialhna kimu khia nai lo mite khialhna thaman a khumcipna thuak mite tawh tuam koih ding:
(3) Nau pang te leh picing te khen in tuam koih ding:
(4) Khialhna hang a gawtna hilo in, kipuah phatna mun a zat a bawl ding:
Hilhcianna:
Khumcipna thuak mite pen hiamgamna, sisan naisan suahna, mihing bang lo a bawlna leh mihing vang a kiamsak thei te tawh bawl loh na ciangbek tawh kicing zolo hi. A maute pen mihing vai tak in zahtak ding ahi hi.
Article (10) (1)
Hih sung a thu in khumcip mite bawlsiatna, kongkilh khum in hun sawtpi tak pualam lengla te tawh thuki zaksak lohna te pen tan-inn cing te’n a sep loh ding uh ahi hi. Suahtakna khahsuah thongkia te pen a mau i vang zahtakna tawh mihing khat bang a bawl ding pen leitung bup thukham ahi hi.
Article (10) (2)
Thusitna a thuak nai lo mite pen khialhna nei a thu khensatna kinei khin mite tawh gawm khawm lo ding hi. Ahangin a mau te pen khialhna nei hi cih muanhuai tak a kilah khiat theih hun mateng khialhna neilo in kisang ding hi. Naupangte pen lungsim ngeklai uh ahih man in gawtna, kosiatna leh a hoihlo gamtatna te a kilawh lohna ding in picing te tawh tuam koih ding hi.
Article (10) (3)
Thongkia mite pen sun niloh thong inn sung ah koihcip lo ding hi. Thu nei mite in thongkia mite a suahtak uh ciang in a nek zonna ding uh ngimna in nasep pantah ding uhhi. Naupang thong kia mite pen a mau kum tawh kituak in pilna sinsak ding hi.
Etkak thudang te:-
Thong kia mite kepzia ding thukhun :
(ii)Naupang thongkia te tawh kisai zuihding leh kepzia ding UN thukham ( Peking Thukham)
Article (11) ICCPR
Mi khatpeuh thukimna om sa tung ah a ciampel man in man in khumcip thei lo ding hi. Hih in a kikhaktan thei lo, a kinul mang theilo hamphatna ahi hi.
Hilhcianna:
Mi khatpeuh a dang khialhna lian a neih kei leh cih loh ciampelna, thuman lohna bek leibat man bek in thong khum ding pen a kicing thu hilo hi.
Article (12) ICCPR
(A) Mi khempeuh in a mau gam i gam sung koi mun leh mual cih omlo in inn leh lo neih theihna, zin leh vak theihna neiciat hi.
(B) Mi khempeuh in a ma gam sung ahi zongin, gam dang ah ahi zongin zin khia thei ding hi.
(C) Gam mipi lungmuanna leh mipi thelthang lo in kihuai khopna ding (or) mipi cidamna ding (or) mipi gamtat hoihna ding venna ban ah midang te hamphatna leh suahtakna te khaktan lo ding ngimna tawh thukham bawlna cih loh a tung a hamphatna te kikhak tan kei hen.
(D) Gam ciah kik theihna pen thukham zui lo pi’n kikhak tan kei hen.
Mi khempeuh in hih a nuai a hamphatna te nei hi.
(i) A tenna gam sung ah a ma utna zui in zin leh vak theihna:
(ii) A ma gam sung ah koi mun cih omlo in ten theihna:
(iii)A ma utna zui in gam dang zin theihna (or) ciahkik theihna:
Hilhcianna:
Hih hamphatna te khaktanna ah thukham zui in kisem ding hi. Tua te in:-Gam leh minam bitna ding, mipi lungmuanna ding, mipi cidamna ding (or) gamtat hoihna ding leh midang te i hamphatna te vengbitna ding in ICCPR sung a om thu te tawh a kilehbulh lohna ding te ahi hi.
Palik (or) lungmuanna sai galvan tawi pawlte i nungzuih det mi khat bang cih ding? Nungzuih det a om mi khat in a zin leh vakna ah mimal suahtakna te a sum suak hi. A pumpi a kimat tang loh hangin a lungsim sung ah akgul mu bang gige in suahtakna omlo hi.
Article (13) ICCPR
Laipi dongta gamte kumpite in a mau gam sungah thukham phalna zui a hong lut mite pen thukham zui bek in hawlkhia kik thei ding hi. Tua bang hawl khiatna ah zong gam bup bitna ding tawh kisai thute bek hi ding hi. Hawlkhiatna thuak mite in tua thu pen enphakik ding in thunei mi (or) thunei te aitang a sem mite kiangah ngetna pia lut thei ding hi.
Gam dang mite pen thukham zuilo in gamsung pan hawl khia thei lo 1inghy.
Hilhcianna:
“Hawlkhiatna” cih ciangin gam sungah hong lutkik nawn lohna ding in thupiakna ahi hi. Gamsung kilemna ding ahihna a om kei leh tua hawlkhiatna thuak mite in tua thu etkikna ding ngen thei ding hi. Hawlkhiatna pen apna (thu neite tungah) tawh kikai-awk saklo ding hi. “Apna” i cih in mi khatpeuh thusit ding ahi zongin, gawtna piak ding ahi zongin, gam khat pan gam khat ah piak sawn na ahi hi.
Tua hihleh galtai or gambel (refugee) mite bang cih ding? A mau ten hamphatna (rights) bang teng nei uhhiam? ICCPR in hih thu tawh kisai bang mah genna nei lo hi. Ahi zongin mihing hamphatna khuavannuai tangkona (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Article – (14) sung ah:-
(i) Mi khempeuh in bawlsiatna, nengniam gawtna tawh kipelhna ding in gam dang ah kibukna ding ngen thei hi.
(ii) Hih hamphatna in gamleivai tawh kisailo khialhna (or) UN ngimna leh thuguipi te langpanna hang a piang khialhna nei mite huam kha lo hi.
(iii)Mi khempeuh in gamdang ah kibuk theihna ding ngen thei ciat hi. Ahi zongin san ding leh phal ding pen kigelh lo hi.
Hilhcianna:
Gambel (galtai) ciaptehna thukimna (CR) sung ah “galtai (refugee)” cih a khiatna in :- “Minam, biakna, namphung, gamleivai upna leh pawlpi khatpeuh ah kihelna hangin bawlsiatna thuak ding cih kiten a hihman in gam pua lam ah tai khia in tua launa hangin gam ah a ciahkik thei lo mite (or) a ciah kik nuamlo mite” ci hi.
A nuai a thute ah bawlsiatna thuakkha ding cih ahi hi.
(1) Minam vai
(2) Biakna vai
(3) Beh leh phung vai / namphung vai:
(4) Pawlpi ah kipawlna vai:
(5) Gamleivai upna te ah lunglauna hangin a mah gampan tai khia in gam ah ciakkik theihlohna (or) gam ciahkik utlohna te ahi hi.
Khual leh tual etkai na mun (Immigration) te in kibukna ding ngen mikhat phalna piak theihna ding thu a neihloh uh hang in ICCPR ki zatna gam te ah hih Article (13) sung a kigelh venbitna te a mau gamsung ah zong piakding mawhpuakna nei uh hi. Gam dang khatpeuh in zong thusitna omlo pi in mi khatpeuh gamsung pan hawlkhiatna nei thei lo hi.
Thusiah pawlkhat (Reservations)
CR sungah mi khatpeuhin hih anuai a thu te ah kician tak in thulahna om hi cih a up te galtai (refugee) in sanglo in venbitna pia lo ding hi, ci hi.
(i) Kilemna susia khialhna lian khatpeuh nei te:
(ii) Galkap thukham te palsatna:
(iii) Mihing hihna langpan khialhna (crimes against humaninty)
(iv) Gamsung ah a om lai in gamleivai tawh kisai lo khialhna lian neihna: Gentehna in khamtheih guihtheih zuakna, mi thahna, numei sualna (rape) —– cih te
(v)UN i ngimna leh thugui pi te langpanna ahi hi.
Leitung bup minam kipawlna i galtai te tawh kisai Menzi zum
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Galtai mite leitung bup pang khawm a venbitna ding leh galtai te tawh kisai thukimna laipi leh thumei zom (protocol) te zui a nasepna a picing na ding in UNHCR kiphut khia hi.
UNHCR I nasep te in:-
(1) A pualam mite i buluhna:
(2) Inn leh lo suhsakna ahi zongin:
(3) A lauhuai thei nawngkai saknate hang in gam sung pan ut leh utloh thu hi lo a taikhia mite vengbit ding ahi hi.
Tua bang vengbitna ah UNHCR in galbuaina (or) gamlei vai, khotang hinkhua, sumzonna khenglam dan na te hang in a kihem khia, inn leh lo taisan a lu ngakna ding neilo mite zong huamkha in vengbitna pia hi.
Vengbitna pen a nuai a lampi te zui in kisem ding hi.
(i) Galtai te tawh kisai thukimna laipi (CR) nasep na ah makaihna:
(ii) Gam ah ciahkik ut te puakkikna (or) mun khatpeuh a khosa kip ut mite a ding in kumpi a hilo pawlpi te (NGO’s) (or) Kumpi te’n panpihna ding sepsakna:
Galtai mite mun leh mual piakna ah panpih ding (e.g neih leh lamte puahpihna)
(iv) Kumpi a hilo pawlpi te (NGO’s) te leh kumpi te kitanau a pankhawmna:
Galtai mite tutna khawlna tawh kisai NGO’s te nasep a muingilna ding sepsakna:
Kibuk theihna ding cih in galtai mite a kibukna gam ah omlai theihna (or) bawlsiatna thuak kha thei ding a lunglau man na gam ah puakkik lo ding cihna ahi hi.
Article (14) ICCPR
(A) Thukhen zum leh thusitna munte ah mi khempeuh tan kikim hi. Mi khempeuh in a ma tung a hekna leh thu khensatna piakna ding mun ah thukham tawh a kituak, a suakta leh maitang zahtak tuam a nei lo mipil misiam te tawh kiphuan thukhen zum ah thuman tak in mipi mai ah thusitna ngah thei ding hi. Gamtat khohekna, thukham vaihawmna (rule of law), democracy zui a kiphuan pawlpite leh pawl dongtate lungmuanna, (or) pawlpite phattuamna (or) mipi mai ah thusitna hang in thuman diktatnate susia kha dinmun te ah thukhen zum in thusitna khempeuh (or) khenkhat pen thu kizakna saite leh mipi ngaihkhiatna te khaktan thei hi. Ahi zongin naupang kituhna innkuan vai cih loh khialhna dangte pen mipi zak theih ding in kibawl ding hi. Mi khempeuh thuman thutang tawh thusit ding hi. Kua mah peuh thukham tungah omlo ding hi. (No one is above the law)
Hilhcianna:
Thukhen zum mai ah kikimna:
Thukham in mikhem peuh ading hi a, mi khempeuh tungah a kibang in zat ding ahi hi.
Thumanna tawh mipi mai a thusitna:
Hekna thuak mite leh a hek mite kikal ah tan kikimna a om theihna ding in thumanna tawh thusitna pen a kisam mahmah ahi hi. Thuman tak a thusitna neih theihna ding in hekna thuak mite pen hih a nuai a venbitna te kipia ding hi.
(i) Khialhna nei hi cih kitel tak in a kilah theih ma teng mi khiallo bang in koih ding.
(ii) A kihekna pan in a kisutkik theihna ding in a kisam hun leh vante piak ding:
(iii)Thusitna thuak ma hun leh thusit hun sung in thukham siam mi cial thei ding:
(iv) A kisap leh kam let zonsak ding:
(v)Teci te thudot theihna leh a ma aitang in pantheihna:
(vi) Etphat kikna ding nget theihna:
Mipi thungaih khiat theihna thusitna i cih in:-
(i) Mipi kikaihkhop theihna mun leh hun hi ding:
(ii)Thu ngai ut mite ciangtan lo in mipi, gamdang pan in enkhia tute in thuman a hihna a san theih ding uh hi ding hi. Mipi te’n thu va ngai theilo ding cih khaktanna a om leh a hang kitel tak a lah ding kisam hi. Mipi theih ding in kilawm kei cih thu te in:-
(a) Mipi lungmuanna ding leh gam kipna ding kumpi te thusim (official secrets):
(b) Zahmawh tawh kisai khangno te tung a bawlsiatna te ahi hi.
Maitang zahtak neilo,thu tang gen thukhen zum:
Democracy tawh ki-uk gam te in thuneihna pen phualpi pan lencip lo in hawmzak den uhhi. Thukhenna (thukhen mangpi in) thukham zui a na sepna ah khawnbawlna Innpi (parliament) tawh a tuam vilvel in om ding hi. Kumpi te’n (vaihawm tu te’n) thukham pualam a na a sep uh leh zong a mau te’n thusit ding uhhi.
Thukhenna tawh kisai suahtakna pen gambup in zong thukim pih in gambup thukhunpi sungah gelhlut ding ahi hi. Thukhenna nasep na ah kumpi te kigolh lut loh ding leh thukhen zum zong mipi te gawtna pia ding kumpi (vaihawmtu) palai a hihloh ding kisam hi. (Draff Declaration on the Rights to a fair Trail and a Remedy)
Thutang leh siangtho tak a thusitna in a kisusia theilo hamphatna ahi hiam?
Hi lo hi. Kumpi te in Article (14) zui in gambup thukin kisap tangko leh tua Article sung a thu te kidin khawlsak theihi. Gamsung gal (tualgal) a hih kei leh galvan tawi te kitom hun sung in hih hamphatna te a thupi mah hiam?
Thupi mah hi. Mihing hamphatna komiti (HRC) in hih thu tawh kisai in a nuai a bang in gelh hi:-
“Gam vaihawmtu te in gambup thukin kisap hun tangko ding in a khensat uh leh Article (14) sung a thute khaktan (dinkhawlsak) thei hi. Tua bang a sepna ah a piang taktak thute tung a kisam zah khengval sak lo in Article (14) (i) na sung a thute zahtak ding hi”.
Article (14) ICCPR (B) Khialhna nei a hekna thuak mi khempeuh in thukham sung a kiciamteh bang in khialhna nei taktak ahihlam kitel tak in a kilah khiat theih mateng mi khial lo in kikoih ding hi.
Khialna nei hi cih kitel tak in a kilah theihma teng mi khempeuh khialhna neilo in kiciamteh dinghi.
Hilhcianna:
Mihek tute i mawhpuak in hek a om mi pen khialhna nei hi cih limlahna (teci) lak khia ding ahi hi. Upmawh thu bek tawh a hih leh liau sum pen hekna thuak mi kipia ding hi. Khialhna nei kha ding hi cih muanmawh thu bek tawh kicing lo hi. Mi khatpeuh bangzah tak in muanmawh huai in a om zong in gawtna piakna ding thu khensat ma in teci (limlahna) kician neih kisam masa hi.
Article (14) (3) ICCPR (C) Khialhna nei a thu khensatna thuak mi khempeuh in a niampen in hih a nuai a thute kicing tak leh kikim tak in ngahthei ding hi.
(i) Hek a omna thu leh la khempeuh leh thupai zia pen a ma theih kampau tawh a kicing in hilh ding hi.
(ii) A ma kivenna ding a kisam thudot ding leh vante a mah deihtel sak in hun a kicing a pia ding hi.
(iii) Hun sawtpi tak koihcip lo in thusitna pia ding hi.
(iv) Thusitna ah a ma deih thukham siam (lawyer) lak theihna, tua bang a thukham siam cialna ding sum a kicing a neilo mite kumpi te’n cialsak ding gelsakna, tua bang a gelsakna te a mah theih sak ding:
(v) A lang mite limlaktu (teci) te thudotna a kineih mah bang in hekna thuak mite teci zong thu dong ding hi.
(vi) Thukhen zum a kizang kampau a theihkei leh kumpi te’n kamlet ding mi cialsak ding hi.
(vii) Utlo pipi thagum tawh dikmah hi (or) khialhna nei mah ing cihsak na neilo ding hi.
Hilhcianna
Article (14) (3)
(A) Hekna thuak mite pen bang thu hang a kiman hiam cih kintak a zaksak ding ahi hi. Tua pen nipi kal hal hilo ding a ni hal bek hi ding hi. (Article – 9)
(B) Khialhna lian tawh hekna thuak mite in a kisut kikna ding a kisakkholh hun ding nai (48) in ki cing zolo hi. A kisam vante cih ciang in thukhen zum leh thukham siam (attorney) te panpihna, teci (limlahna) ding laikung laidal te zong huam vek hi.
(C) Zekai ding a kilawm lo na pi a zekai sak thei thute in:-
(i) A lian mahmah leh a tangzai mahmah thubuai a hihna:
(ii) Palik, a hek mi leh thukhen zum te pangkhawm a nasep zia te:
(iii) Hekna thuak mite nasep zia:
(iv) Hekna thuak mite thusit hun ding ngak hun in kolbulhna a kineihloh man ahi hi.
(D) Hekna thuak mite in thukhen zum ah a ma pumpi mah pai in thusitna ngah ding hi. Ama taang mi (or) lai in gelh in ahi zongin thusitna kinei thei hi.
Hekna thuak mite thusitna ding mun, hun, ni leh kha te ki theisak napi a pai kei leh a mah omloh hangin zong thu khensatna kinei thei hi. Ahi zongin hekna thuak mite in a mah a dingin hun kicing lo hi (or) a mah thukhen zum pai na ding a khak sia om hi ci’n thu kician a lah theih leh thusitna ngen kik thei hi.
(E) Hekna thuak mi te khatveina thu sitna hun ah a ma pumpi kah in ahi zongin, a ma aitang a thusung a ding a tel thukham siam (lawyer) zang in ahi zongin thugen thei ding hi. Thukhen zum tawh kisai panpihna ngah loh hun ah:-
(a) Thudot cil hun a kipan thusit hun sung khempeuh leh etphat kik ding ngetna te ah thukham tawh kisai panpihna te ngahsak ding:
(b) Thahding a thu khensatna kipia thei ding thulian te ah thukham siam (lawyer) te cialna ding sum a kicing a neilo te kumpi te’n cialsak ding hi.
(F) Thusitna ah hekna thuak mite kiven bit theihna dingin a ma deih teci te’ min leh thukham siam mite cialna ding a kisak kholhna ding a kisam hun te kipia ding hi. Thusit hun sung ah min gen ut lo, mit a mu teci te gen leh sak te zatna in hih thu palsat hi. A zenzen in hekna thuak mi in teci ding mi a muh zawh nai kei leh thusit hun ding khiin in ahi zongin, mun khel in ahi zongin teci ding a ngah theihna ding in sepsak ding hi. Tua bang a sepding a kiphal kei leh thu khenna buppi zong thumanna om nawn lo suak ding hi.
(G) A zenzen in thukhen zum a kizang kampau a theilo (or) a pau theilo mite a ding in kamlet ding mi kicial sak ding hi. Gamdang mi (or) gamsung mi (khual mi tualmi) in zong hih hamphatna ngah thei ciat ding hi. Thukhen zum a kizang kampau theihlohna (or) pau theihlohna in thubuai saina a ding in a thupi pen khat hi a, hekna thuak mi hamphatna zong khaktan hi.
(H) Mi khatpeuh a ma utna tel lo in teci ding ahi zongin, thagum hatna zang in khialhna nei mah ing cih sak teiteina pen thukhen zum ah kisang lo ding hi. Hekna thuak mi in bang mah gen lo in dai dide a, a omna zong a khialhna hang a kizia phawk hi ci’n kila lo ding hi.
Article (14) ICCPR (4) A kumcing nai lo khangnote thu sitna paizia ah a mau kum tawh kituak in a mau bawlphat kikna ding ngimna tawh sem ding hi.
Hilhcianna
A kumcing nai lo te pen picing te bang in bawl lo ding hi. A maute a ding a tuam vilvel in gelsak ding hi.
Article (14) ICCPR (5) Khialhna nei hi cih thu khensatna thuak mi khempeuh in thusitna paizia leh thu khensatna te thukham tawh kituak a etphatkikna ding a sang zaw thukhen zum ah ngen thei hi.
Hilhcianna
Tua bang in a sang zaw thukhen zum ah thu khensatna etphatkikna ding a ngetna pen maitang zahtak tuam omlo in a kinthei pen in semsak ding hi. A beisa hun a thu khensatna omsa etphat kik hunsung in thu khensatna omsa zui a kipia ding gawtna thaman te kipia lo ding hi.
Article (14) ICCPR (6) Mi khatpeuh “khialhna nei hi” cih thu khensatna nunung pen khit ciang a piang thukhat peuhpeuh ah khialhna neilo hi cih kician (or) a diklo pi in thukhensatna omhi cih a kician leh tua mipen thukham tawh kituak in zangna dopna kipia dinghi.
Hilhcianna
Thu khensatna neih khit ciang in midik (or) thukham santheih zah a khialhna neilo a hihna a lak thei te ahi zongin, thukhen zum te i kicin lahman a khialhna neilo pi mi khial banga thukhenna thuak mite’n a suahtak uh ciang in kumpi te tung ah zangna dopna ngen thei ding uhhi.
Article (14) ICCPR (7) Gam khatpeuh i thukham zui a thusitna nunung pen pan a suakta khin mi (or) khialhna thaman kipia khin mite pen thusit kikna (or) gawtna te kipia kik theilo ding hi.
Hilhcianna
Khialhna khat thaman ding in gawtna a thuap in kipia kei hen. A zenzen in gawtna ding thu khensat khit ciang in khialhna nei ahihna a dang teci a kilah thak theih hang in gawtna kipiak thuah theilo ding hi.
Article (15) ICCPR
(A) Mi khatpeuh gamtatna pen tua hunlai a gamsung thukham, leitung bup thukham te sungah khialhna a kiciamteh lo ahih leh khialhna nei hi ci’n hekna pen kisang lo ding hi. A zenzen in khialhna bawl khit nung ciang in thukham bawlphatna (amendment) a kikhiam kiam gawtna zong ngah thei ding hi.
(B) Mi khatpeuh gamtatna in tua hun a kizang leitung bup thukham sung a khialhna in a kiciap teh leh hih Article sung a kigelh thute pen thu sitna ah kua mah maitang zahlo ding hi.
Gamtatna khatpeuh ah tua hun a kizang thukham sung a khialhna a kiciamteh lo pen gawtna kipia thei lo hi. Hih pen a kikhaktan thei lo thu hi a, bang hun peuh ah zong kizukkik (dinkhawl) sak theilo hi.
Hilhcianna:
Hih Article ngimna masa a hih leh kumpi thak in a beisa hun a khialhna a kiciamteh lo pen khialhna a koihding a thukham thak gelhna pen dalna ahi hi. Gentehna- Hun khatlai a thukham phalna tawh kiphuan nasem pawlpi a dongta mikhat in a hun leh mun zui a kikhel gamleivai nasepna ah a kihelna hang in tua pawlpi gawtnopna hang tawh thukham thak gelh in pawl dongta mite gawtna (matna) te ahi hi.
A nihna ding in kumpi thak in khialhna thaman piak ding a thu khensat sa mite tungah a lianzaw leh a thuap a, a piak theihloh nang dalna ahi hi.
Article (15)(2) pen gam kumpi te’n khialhna in a kiciamteh nai loh uh hang leitung bup thukham sungah khialhna a kiciamteh nasem mite gawtna piak theihna ding ngimna ahi hi. (Gentehna: Sila khawina, minam thah mangna, bawlsiatna cih te …..)
Article (16) ICCPR
Mi khempeuh in muntuam mualtuam cih omlo thukham mai ah mi khat a hihna theihpihna ngahthei ding hi. Mi khempeuh te thukham venbitna ngah thei ding hi. Hih in a kikhaktan thei lo, a kizuk kik thei lo thu ahi hi.
Hilhcianna:
Mipi te pen mipi i deihtel palai te gelh thukham nuai a om bek hi a, kumpi te (or) kumpi palai te khutnuai a om hilo hi. Tua bang in thukham i venbitna pen thukhen zum ah nget theihna, thu ngetna hang in thukhen zum in zong a kisapna zui a sepsak ding mawhpuakna nei hi.
A zenzen in hih hamphatna pen gamkhat i thukham in mimal te vengbitna piak ding nial leh bangcih ding? Tua gam i thukham in leitung bup thukham palsat ahi hi. Tua bang in leitung bup theihpihna leh zat thu bulpi te zong palsat ahi hi. Tua bang hun ah nialna thuak mite in koi mun leh mual cih omlo in bitna ngen thei ding hi.
Article (17) ICCPR.
(A) Mi khatpeuh in mimal suahtakna, inn kuan vai leh laikhak te thukham phalna omlo in nawngkai sak lo dinghi. Tua banah mikhat i vaang leh min te zong kosiatna kithuak sakkei hen.
(B) Mi khempeuh in tua bang nawngkai sakna leh kosiatna te pan thukham panpihna tawh
kiveng bit thei ding uhhi.
Hilhcianna:
Mi khat i mimal vai ah thunei tu te’n a suk nawngkaina a om leh thukham tawh kituak a kisem ahihna a lah ding kisam hi. Gentehna: Palik te sitna, zonna pen thukhen zum in tua bang sitna, zonna neih theihna ding phalna a piakna lai lak ding hi. Set van zang a etcik sulzuihna, telephone leh laikhak te lamlak a khaktan guk sepna te zong tua bang septheih nang phalna kipia te bek in sem ding hi. Tua bang ahih kei leh tua sepna pen tawpsan ding in thukhen zum ah ngen thei ding hi.
Tua bang nawngkaisak theihna ding in zong gamsung thukham gelhna pen ICCPR i ngimna leh leitung bup santheih thu hi ding hi
Article (18) ICCPR
(A) Mi khempeuh in suakta tak a ngaihsut theihna, suakta tak a up theihna, suakta tak a biak piak theihna te nei hi. Hih thuzui in ei deihtel biakna leh upna ah suakta tak in kisuan theihna, mimal (or) midang te tawh kipawl in ahi zongin, a simtham in ahi zongin i biakna leh upna thute suakta tak a sinsakna, biakpiakna, zuihna, phuhkhiatna te nei thei hi.
(B) Kua mahpeuh a ma biakna leh upna te a siasak (nusia) ding in kisawl teitei kei hen.
(C) Mipi bitna ding, thukham vaihawmna ding, mipi cidamna ding, mipi gamtat hoihna ding leh midang te suahtakna te venbitna ding in thukham tawh khaktanna cih loh mikhat biakna, upna te tangkona ding suahtakna pen kikhak tan theilo hi.
(D) Hih laipi dongta gam sung a teng nu leh pa, naucing (kem) te in a mau ta leh nau te pen a mau upna tawh kituak in biakna vai leh gamtat khohekna tawh kisai siamsinna, biakna suahtakna te zahtak ding in mawhpuakna nei uhhi. Hih thu in a kikhak tan theilo, bang hun peuh a zong a kizukkik theilo hamphatna ahi hi.
Hilhcianna:
Article (18)
(A) Biakna phuhna leh kisuanna in i up i san biakna pan a dang biakna ah kisuanna (or) biakna lui tawpsanna, biakna (upna) deihtelna ah suakta tak a deihtelna bulphuh ding cihna ahi hi. Kumpi te phalna tawh biakna kiphut te in ICCPR sung a om hamphatna te susia kha lo ding hi. Tua bang phalna tawh kiphuh khia biakna ah a bialo mite zong khentuam lo ding hi.
(B) Upna khatpeuh nusia ding in thagum hanta zangin vauna, tua upna neih man in dai pua lam ah nawhkhiatna leh khentuamna te neihloh ding ahi hi. Biakna leh upna te hang a nengniamna leh khentuamna te beina ding thu tangko (The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion (or) Belief) kam honna sung ah “suakta tak a ngaihsutna, lunggelna, upna leh biakna te simmawh kosiatna in mihing te susia thei gal pen lam khat a hih kei leh lamdang khat pan in piangsak thei ahih man in santheih huai thu hilo hi”. ci’n kigelh hi.
Suakta tak a biakpiakna, upnate zahtakna ding, theihsiamna neihna ding sangkhan (tawisang) ding kisam a, UN thugui pi te tawh kituak lo thute beisak ding kisam hi.
Hih Article (18) sung a hamphatna te i deihna in:-
(i) Mipi biakna leh biak inn lamna ding mun ngah theihna:
(ii) Man ngenlo a deihsakna tawh thupha bawl nasem pawlpi phuh khiatna:
(iii) Piakkhiatna te khon theihna leh zon theihna:
(iv)A kisapna munte ah biakna (or)upna thutawh kisai sinsakna, cialpi bawlna te neithei ding hi.
(v) Biakna tawh kisai khawmpi te suakta tak a bawl theihna:
(vi)Biakna leh upna tawh kisai gamsung gampua ah kizop pih neih theihna:
(C) Khaktanna bawlna ah :-
(a) Thukham zui in semding hi.
(b) Mipi bitna ding, thukham vaihawmna kipna ding, cidamna ding, gamtatna leh midang te hamphatna kepbitna ding ngimna hi ding:
(c)Khentuamna, nawlkhinna, gakcipna leh a dang bawlsiat utman ngimna te hi lo ding:
Kumpi te in khentuamna leh bawlsiatna beina ding ngimna tawh na sepna ah thukham tawh kituak in sem ding hi. “Gamtat hoih” cih kammal i khiatna pen genciat ding baihlo hi. Leitung kiukhat a gamtatna hoih a kiciamteh khat in kiumong khat ah a hoihlo leh a kilawm lo pi hi thei hi. Cihnopna in minam a tuam mah bang in ngeina zong tuamciat a, tua ngeina kisin sakna ah minam khat a ding a kilawm leh a hoih khat pen minam dang te a ding in hoih khin khollo thei hi. Mihing hamphatna komoiti (HRC) in a genna ah “gamtat hoihna ding in biakna leh upna tawh lamlah sinsakna ah zuihding thukham bawlna ah minam te i ngeina te bulphuh lo in tua biakna leh upna i thugui pi te bulphuh ding hi” ci hi
Article (18) (4)
Naupang te pen nu leh pa, naucing (kem) tu te santheih biakna thute bek kihilh ding hi. A nu leh pa, naucing (kem) te i deihna te tawh kituak lo biakna thute hilh teitei na kinei kei hen. Tua ban ah naupang te in midang te tawh kitheih siamna, lungduaina, itna leh midang te i biakna leh upna te suaktakna te tung ah zahtakna lungsim a neih theihna ding in thu hilh ding hi.
Article (19) ICCPR
(A) Mi khempeuh in a nawngkaisak omlo in a mau ngaihsutna te suakta tak in pulak theihna nei hi
(B) Mi khempeuh in suakta tak in genkhiat theihna nei hi. Hih thu in gamgi omlo in thu leh la, ngaihsutna tuamtuam te suakta tak a zon theihna, san theihna, hawpsawm theihna te pen kam tawh ahi zongin, lai tawh gelh in ahi zongin, limlahna leh ei deih pen vanzat (media) pan sem thei hi
(C) Hih Article khenvui (2) a kigelh hamphatna te zatna ah sepding mawhpuakna tawh kizom pah hi. Tua ahih man in kisapna munte ah thukham tawh kituak in khaktanna kinei kha thei hi. Tua bang nasepna ah:-
(i) Midang te hamphatna leh vaang zahtakna hang in ahi zongin:
(ii) Minam bitna, thukham vaihawmna, mipi cidamna leh gamtat hoihna ding a kisem nate hang hi ding hi.
Hilhcianna:
Suakta tak a genkhiat theihna i cih in minam khantonna ding, gam khantohna ding a kisam pen ahi hi. Suakta tak a genkhiat theihna in a manlo pi midangte thugenna, a min leh vaang uh kosiatna hi lo ding hi. Septheihna (Phalna) ah sepding leh seploh ding i bukkim siam ding kisam hi. Minam kihuatna ding a tangkona pen hamphatna (rights) khat in kisang lo hi.
Gam kumpi te in a kisapna zui in hih anuai a thute tawh kisai khaktanna neithei uhhi.
(i) Midang te hamphatna, vang te vengbitna ding:
(ii) Minam leh gam bitna ding:
(iii)Mipi cidamna (or) gamtat hoihna ding:
(iv)Gambup kilemna leh muanna omna ding cih thu te ahi hi.
Thu kizakna suahtakna pansan in mimal khat ciat i suahtakna leh hamphatna pen bang ci hiam cih kigen thei hi. Thu kizakna pan kumpi nasem te’n a nasep te uh mipi tungah hilhcianna ding leh kumpi te thulet thuguipi (policy) te dotna kinei thei hi.
Article (20) ICCPR
(1) Gal pianna ding a galphot tangkona te thukham tawh khaktan ding hi.
(2) Minam, beh leh phung, biakna te muhsiatna ding hanthot thugenna te thukham tawh khaktan ding hi.
Hilhcianna:
UN i ngimna thuguipi te in :-
(1) kilemna vengbitna ding leh ngahna ding,
(2) gam khat leh gamkhat kitanau na a khan semsem na ding,
(3) leitung bup kipawl khawm a nasep khop theihna’ng cih te hi a, tua te tungtawn in UNO kiciamna (charter) ah eima pumpi kidalna ding cih loh thagum zang a gamtatna te kikham hi. Gal piangsak thei ding hanthotna in UNO i ngimna te siasak in thukham pua lam gamtatna ahih man in gam khat leh gam khat kibuluhna piangsak hanthotna te khaktan ahi hi. Gam khat leh gamkhat kikal a buaina te zong thudam ladam tawh saiveng ding in UNO in hanthon hi.
UN kiphuh khitciang in gal piang semsem in galvan zong hoih semsem a nisim cihphial in kidona te ah mihing luang leh ban bei zong tawmlo hi. Thagum zang lo in thudam tawh UNO in bang na sem in bang mun ah lawhcin na nei hiam?
Leitung bup minam kipawlna thucin sai innpi (UNGA) in a vanglian thuneihna nei kumpi khat hilo hi. UNO kivaipuak zia zui in UNGA thu khensatna te ah Leitung bup bitna muanna sai kawnsi (UNSC) thu kimpihna ngahkhit ciang bek in maban kisawn thei ahi hi. Tua UNSC ah tawntung dongta gam (permanent member) pen gam (5) om te lak pan gam (1) thukim lo in veto thuneihna zang leh tua thu khensatna pen mainawt thei nawn lo hi.
UN in thu leh la a kituak lo leh ci tuamtuam nei gam te tawh kiphuh khia ahi hi. Thukim milmialna tawh bang mah kisem thei lo hi. Tua hi a, a tang pi a gen in UNO mawhna hilo hi. UNGA nasep ding a khaktan mihing hamphatna a palsat dongta gamte i mawhna ahi hi. Tua a hih leh UN in bang thuneihna nei nawn ding ahi hiam?
UNO kiciamna (charter) khenpi (7) na ah kilemna lingsak thute, kilemna susia thute leh gamkek buluhna thute ah nakpi tak a nasep theihna ding thuneihna pen Leitung bup bitna muanna sai kawnsi (UNSC) ki-ap hi. Leitung bup kilemna leh bitna thute a susia thei ding thu a piang hun ciangin UNSC in hih a nuai a na te a banban in sem thei ding hi.
Kalbi (step) (1) Akihel kha gam thuneite kiangah thudam ladam in sai veng ding ngen ding: A zenzen in a lawhcin kei leh-
Kalbi (step) (2) Tua thubuai tawh kisai ah gam kumpi te zuih ding thute kician tak in thukhun sak ding: A zenzen in a kilawh cin kei leh:-
Kalbi (step) (3) Thubuai tawh kisai kha gamte in tua buaina gam te tung ah galvan zang lo in sai veng na ding hanthon ding, galvan lo tawh nasep na lampi te tawh sai veng ding hanthotna leh ngetna neiding (Gentehna: sumlei sum zuakna pan khaktanna, (kumpi) gam palai kizopna tawpsanna): A zenzen in hih bang sepna tawh lawhcing lo in buaina lian semsem in gamkek buluhna zah a lian ding dinmun a tun leh :-
Kalbi (step) (4) Thu buainei gamte in a mau bek (or) kipawl khawm in ahi zongin a mau kivenna ding in na sem thei uhhi. Tua bang sepna in gamkek buluhte hawlkhiat kikna ding a gam dang te kiang ah huhna ngetna ahi hi. Tua bangna sepna a kilang pan leh:-
Kalbi (step) (5) Leitung bup kilemna kep cingna ding leh ngahkikna ding UNSC in a kisapna zui in huihkhua galkap (air force), tuitaw galkap (navy) leh leilam galkap (army /land force) te zang in sem thei hi.
UN in thu buai nei gam te deihna leh cialna te a om ciang bek in va kigolh lut pan hi. Hih mun ah “gal” kici in leitung bup a buaisak galpi hi a, “kilemna” kici in leitung bup kilemna ahi hi. Gam khat i gamgi dung a buaina in lian semsem leh tua gam bek tawk kisai nawnlo in a kisai kha mun leh mual kilemna (regional peace) leh bitna a lingsak khak ciang in UNO in nasem thei pan hi.
Gam kumpi te in gam bup thuneihna sang pen (Sovereingty Power) mittaw sialkhau let in gam dang te kiang ah no tawh kisai te bek sem un a ci thei hiam? UN kiciamna (Charter) thukhil (article 2 (7)) sung ah i gam sung thukham sep theihna huam sung a om buaina te ah UNO kigolh lut in na sep theihna ding thuneihna kipia lo cih a kigelh hang in Vienna thu tangkona Article (4) sungah mihing hamphatna te sangkhanna ding leh vengbitna ding pen leitung bup tawh kisai thu ahi hi. (I gam sung a om mipi te hamphatna leh suahtakna te a khaktan gamte in “thuneihna sangpen (sovereingty)” cih kammal tawh paulam piak ding hi thei nawn lo hi.
Mihing hamphatna in gamgi neilo a hihmah bang in tua hang a piang thute zong gam khat bek in supna, metna hi lo hi. Minam vai khentuamna namkim beina ding leitung bup thukimna laipi (ICERD) nuai ah kumpi te in minam khentuamna beina ding in panla ding hi. A diak in hih a nuai a thute pen khialhna in ciamteh in gawtna pia ding hi. Tuate in:-
“Minam muhsiatna ding hanthotna, minam, beh leh phung kibang lo te muhdahna hang in thagum zatna, minam vai a khengval a nasepna ding panpihna piakna te” ahi hi.
Article (21) ICCPR
Thudam tawh kikaih khop theihna pen thukim theihpihna piak ding ahi hi. Midang te hamphatna leh suahtakna, thukham vaihawmna, mipi cidamna, mipi bitna (lungmuanna), gamtatna hoihna ding ngimna a Democracy tawh kisai thukham zui a khaktan na cih loh hih ham phatna te kikhak tan thei lo ding hi.
Hilhcianna:-
Suahta tak a kikaih khop theihna in suakta tak a pulak theihna mah bang in Democracy a ding in a zungpi khat ahi hi. Tua ahih man in hih hamphatna pen kikhak tan theilo hi. A zenzen in khaktanna a kineih leh zong:-
(i) Thukham tawh kituak hi ding:
(ii) Democracy zungpi a ding a kisam hih a nuai a thute tawh kituak ding hi.
Tua te in:- Lauhuaina pan lungmuanna, thukham vaihawmna,mipi cidamna leh lungsim gamtatnate ah midang hamphatna te susia ding munte ahi hi.
Article (22) ICCPR
(A) Mi khempeuh in mimal metna (phattuamna) dingin midang tawh suakta tak a kizop theihna, nasem pawlpi phuhkhiat theihna leh dongta (member) mi a kihel theihna te nei hi.
(B) Mi dang te’ suahtakna leh hamphatna, gam leh nam bitna, thukham vaihawmna, mipi cidamna, gamtatna te hoihna ding in Democracy tawh kisai thukham zui a khaktanna cih loh hih hamphatna te kikhak tan kei hen:
(C) Suakta tak a pawlpi phuhna leh suakta tak a cialpi bawl theihna te venbitna ding in 1948 kum a leitung bup nasem pawlpi (ILO) khawmpi lian a thu khensat thu guipite sukha ding, a tung a hamphatna a siasak thei ding leh thukham siasak thei ding nasep theihna te gam thunei te tungah hih Article in thu neihna kipia lo hi.
Mi khatpeuh in a ma utna zui in pawlpi khatpeuh dongta in lut thei ding hi.
Hilhcianna:
“Ngasa in a tam sih pih, mihing in a tam nuntak pih” cih mah bangin mihing te pen kipawl khop ciang in thahat hi. Suakta tak a pawlpi phuhna in gammite a ding in phattuamna omna ding kumpi te buaisakna tawh kipelh ding hi. Khaktan theihna ding pen Article (21) sunga kigelh bang ahi hi.
Suakta tak a pawl phuh theihna i cih in:-
(i) Nasem mite leh nasem neitu mi khempeuh in pawlpi phuh theihna:
(ii) Tua pawlpi te a mau leh a mau kivaihawm theihna:
(iii) Leitung bup nasem pawlpi tawh kizom in nasep khop theihna:
(iv) Kumpi te’n pawlpi te phiatmangna leh khaktanna te seplohna:
(v) Pawlpi langpan mite pan kidalna:
(vi) Kipawl khawm a sum lei sum zuak theihna:
(vii)Deihna lahkhiat theihna:
(viii)Pawlpi in suakta tak a nasep theih nang in a kisam pen a hi mipi te mungpi suahtakna cih hamphatna phungvuhna te kihel hi.
Etkak thudang te:
(1) Sumlei sumzuakna, khotang hinkhua leh ngeina tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipi (ICESCR) sung ah hih a nuai a thute khaktan theihloh, kiamsak theihloh hi ci’n kigelh hi.
(i) Pawlpi tuamtuam phuh theihna:
(ii) Suakta tak a kivai hawm theihna:
(iii) I deihna te pen gamsung thukham phalna zui a sep theihna te ahi hi.
Article (23) ICCPR
(1) Innkuan i cih in mihing te a ding in a etlawm leh a kisam mahmah hi a, mihing pawlpi te leh gam bup pan venbitna ngah thei ding hi.
(2) A khangcing numei leh pasal te’ i nupa suahna, inn leh lo suan theihna te pen thukim theihpih ding hi.
(3) Lawm kingai lia leh tang te i utna lungsim taktak omlo in kitenna kibawl kei hen.
(4) Hih laipi dongta gamte in lawm kingai lia leh tang te kitenna leh kikhenna te ah goutan kikim sak ding hi. Naupang kepna ding in a kibang in mawhpuakna kikim nei uh ahihna thu ki khung ding hi.
Mi khempeuh in i it i ngaihte tawh kiten theihna om hi.
A kiteng nupa te in hamphatna leh mawhpuakna kikim nei uhhi.
Hilhcianna:
Innkuan in vengbitna ngahthei ding hi.
Gam kumpi khat i piak vengbitna te in khotang hinkhua, sumlei sumzuakna, ngeina, gamleivai leh pupa tawndan te kibatloh man in a kilamdan na om thei hi. Ahi zongin vengbitna khempeuh nu leh pa (sex) kituam man in kideidan lo ding hi.
Kitenna leh Inn leh lo suanna:
Inn kuan khat suanna ding leh ta leh nau neihna ding ah midang te thukimna ngah ding zong kisam hi. A hizong ih hih thu pen mite thukimna (nu leh pa thu omlo in) bek in kisang theilo hi.
Suakta tak a deihtelna:
Lawm kingai te zuthawl piakna kinei masa ding uhhi. Tua khit ciang in kitenna pia thei mite mai leh moliah (mo nung zui) te mai ah a mau mimal thukimna genkhia ding hi. Thusiah khat in kitenna bawlna mun ah mo nu (or) mo pa khat zawzaw a pai theih lohna a om leh a ma aitang in midang palai khat in semthei hi.
Goutan leh mawhpuakna kikimna:
Hih in inn leh lo, innsung vanzat, naupangte siamsinna, neih leh lam te zatna zekna cih bang in sep theihna kikim ahi hi. Gam kumpi te in kitenna leh kikhenna te ah a langtuak in hamphatna leh mawhpuakna a kikim in nei uh a hihna pen thukham bawl ding kisam hi. Kikhenna hun ah pasal te cinlahna te maisakna pia in, numei te cinlahna te ah mawhsiat in khenna (makna) pen hih thu palsat ahi hi.
Article (24) ICCPR
(A) Naupang te pen minam, ci leh sa, a nu a pa, biakna, beh leh phung, neih leh lam, gamleivai leh lunggelnate hang tawh khentuamna omlo in a khang cing nailo hun ah a ngah ding ua kilawm venbitna te a mau innkuan sung leh gambup pan in ngah thei ding uhhi.
(B) Naupangte a suahkhit uh ciang in min phuak in gambup nau min khumna laibu sung a minpia ding hi.
(C) Naupang no khempeuh gam mi khat suah theihna nei hi.
Naupang khempeuh in ngaihsakna leh kintak a etkolna ngah thei ding uhhi.
Hilhcianna:
(A) ICCPR in naupang te kepcing zia ding tawh kisai in thukhun pawlkhat nei hi. (Gentehna:- Article (6) ah naupang te thahna pen kiphal lo hi. Article (10) sungah thong inn ah picing te tawh koih khawm loh ding leh Article (14) sungah thusitna ah mipi mai thusit loh ding) Bang teng ahi zongin hih thute sepna ding ah bang ci sep ding cih ICCPR in genlo hi. Gamsung a om naupang te kisapna zui in kumpi te in a hoih thei pen ding a gel ding ahi hi. Tua bang sepna ah naupang suakcil sihna, tha a piangsak an kham zawhlohna te kiamna ding kihel ding hi.
(B) Min khumna laibu in naupang gukna leh zuakna te a beina ding ngimna nei ahi hi. Tua banah hih min khumna pen naupangte nu leh pa in kitenna kician a neih leh neihloh thu tawk kisailo ding hi.
(C) Naupangte gam leh lei neihloh man in mihing pawlpi te leh kumpi te etkolna a kiamna ding pan ven ding ahi hi. Tua ban ah naupangte zong gammi ngah theihna pen mi khempeuh a ding a hihna lahna zong ahi hi.
Naupangte hamphatna tawh kisai thukimna laipi (Convention of Child Rigths – CRC)
Hih laipi sungah naupang te a ding a kisam hamphatna te thupi sak hi. Laipi dongta gam te in naupang te hamphatna vengbitna ah a nuai a bang in sep ding hanthawn hi.
(1) Naupangte lungsim leh pumpi natsakna leh nawlkhinna, zahmawh tawh kisai nopnehna leh metbawlna pan venbitna ding:
(2) A cidam lo naupangte kem ding, cidamna leh siamsinnate ah lapsangna ding:
(3) Naupangte vengbitna ding sepna, cidamna tawh kisai khanlawh sakna, nausuak cil a si a tawm zawk na ding gelna:
(4) Siamsinna pen a man omlo in sinsan teitei ding hi:
(5) Sum leh pai vai ah zawhthohna (zekhemna) tawh metbawl loh ding:
(6) Zahmawh tawh kisai in zawhthoh bawlna leh naupang te kicing takna ding a siasak thei sumzonna te pan venbitna:
(7) Kum (15) nuai lam naupang mite galkap ding a kaihkhopna pan khaktanna:
Gambup kumpi te in hih laipi sung a om thute mipi te tungah kitheih nang in sem ding hi.
Vienna Thu tangko:
1995 kum malam a leitung gamte in kipsakna suai a kaih khit naupang te hamphatna tawh kisai thukimna laipi (CRC) sung a thute zui ding in Article (21) sungah hanthawn hi. Naupang te venbitna pilvang tak in sepna ah:- “Numei note, tagah naupang te, a vakthap naupang te, sumzonna ding a zahmawh a ki zatsak mite (kizuakna, pumpi zuakna),AIDS nei naupang note, galtai leh lal kawikawi naupang note, gal kidona hang a haksatna thuak naupang note, mat leh hen na thuak naupang note leh kial leh tak, khua hun siatna hang a haksatna thuak naupangte” vai thu ngaihsut masak a neih ding hanthon hi.
A nuai a thute dalna ding na sepna ah nakpi tak a panlak ding zong kisam hi:-“Naupang note thahna, nat leh sat ngah theihna mun ah naupang no te nasep sawlna, naupang te zuakna, numei no te sum zonna ding a zahmawh zuaksakna, naupang te lim kilawm lo lahna, zahmawh tawh kisai nopnehna leh a dang lampi tuamtuam tawh gawtna” ahi hi. (Article (48)
Article (25) ICCPR
Gam mi khempeuh in:-
(A) Tangpi tangta in kumpi nasep na ah ei ma pumpi ahi zongin, suakta tak leh siangtho tak a kitelna pan a ngah palai mite tung pan ahi zongin kihel in nasem thei ding hi.
(B) A khangcing mi khempeuh in eima deihna zui in a suakta leh siangtho kitelna ah kivawk lut theihna leh simtham mee (vote) piak theihna neiciat hi.
(C) Ei gam sungah tangpi tangta leh kumpi nasep na munte ah a kibang in sep theihna nei ciat hi.
Mi khempeuh in i tenna gam sung gamleivai nasep na ah kihel theihna neiciat hi.
Hilhcianna:
Hih in thuman lo pi tawh khaktanna, mi pawlkhat bek liatsak ding khamna ahi hi. Khaktanna te zong a nuai a thu leh la mun te bek ah kibawl ding hi.
(i) Kumpi na sepna ah galvan tawi mite a ding in mun piakna:
(ii) Mipi deihtel palai te thunei tu te’n hepkhiatna:
(iii) Damsung panmun len ding a ciaptehna munte bek ah kisem thei ding hi.
Article (26) ICCPR
Mi khempeuh pen thukham mai ah kikim kibang vek hi a, khentuamna omlo in thukham i venbitna a kikim in ngah thei ciat ding hi. Minam, ci leh sa, paukam, biakna, gamleivai leh lunggel upna khatpeuh, khanggui, beh leh phung, neih leh lam, nampi namneu leh thu dang khatpeuh tawh khentuamna thuakna te pan kumpi te’ vengbit na a kikim in ngah thei ciat ding hi.
Mikhempeuh in khentuam deidanna te ah thukham venbitna ngahthei ding hi.
Hilhcianna
Hih Article in mi khenkhat leh pawl khat bek deihsak tuamna khak cip hi. 1978 kum a minam leh mi namvai vei luatna tawh kisai thu tangko na sungah; “Kumpi te’n zong hih Article 26 sung a thute bulphuh in thukham gelh ding uhhi. Minam leh namphung khatpeuh in ci leh sa, nu leh pa (sex), minam, beh leh phung leh khanggui khat leh khat pianna khang thu ah vanglian vang neu, sang hi niam hi, cih thute thu guipi in zat luatna pen mihing vang, mihing vai a lungsim neihna leh gamtat khohekna te tawh kileh bulh bik bek hi.”
“Khang tangthu sung ah a ki banglo thunei tute i go leh gamh hoihlote hang in sumzon na, khotang hinkhua, gamleivai, ngeina te ah kikim lohna (kibuk tuahlohna) leh kikhiat luatna hang a piang minamvai khentuamna in khial hi” A tom in cileng – minam leh namphung khat in a dang te sang in vangpha zaw hi cihna pen thu bul leh bal nei lo bek hilo in tua thu meilet a minam vai veina zong thudik lampi hilo hi.
Article (27) ICCPR
Minam, biakna, pau ki banglo minamte tenna gam leh munte a teng mite in a dang minam te tawh ngeina kisim tuah theihna ahi zongin , biakna leh paute zat theihna, hilh theihna te khaktan in kikham theilo ding hi. Minam tawmte in zong a mau zia leh tong, lim leh ciaptehna te tawh minam dang te bang in tangdin thei ding hi.
Hilhcianna.
Minam tawmte tawh kisai leitung bup thukim in ciaptehna a om nai loh hang in hih mun a, a deihna in :
(i) Namdang te tawh kibanglo ding.
(ii) Namdang te thuneihna khazakna nuai a om lo ding.
(iii) Amau te in zia leh tong, lim leh ciaptehna leh ngeinate a tuam in kepcing utna nei minam hi ding.
(iv) Nam dangte sang in mihing malzah tawmzaw ding.
Tua mah bang in hih sung a venbitna piakding mite in ngeina kibang (paipi), biakna, lai mungpi leh pau (a tangpi) kibang zang te hi ding hi. Hih bang venbitna hang in tua minam tawmte lak ah ngeina, biakna, lai leh pau, khotang hinkhua, zia leh tongte khangcing sak in khangto sak ding hi. Tua bang mah in mihing honpi nuntakna zong khangto sak ding hi.
A dang etkak thute:
1. Nambup beimang ding ngimna tawh thahna pan venna leh gawtna piak ding thukimna laipi (Convention of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide, GC) Hih pen 1946 November 10 ni a thu khensat No. 96 (1) leh 1948 kum a kizo siang thukimna zui in leitung bup thukham nuai a leitung bup tawh kisai khialhna in UN in ciapteh hi.
Thu khensat No. 96 (1) sung ah: –
Nambup beimang ding ngimna tawh thahna cih kammal tawh kisai: –“Buaina khempeuh phial ah minam tawmte pen nambup beimang na ding a thahna ah thang antah in kizang (hi thei) zel hi.” (Minority Rights.)
GC sung a nambup cimang ding a thahna kammal i khiatna in-
(i) Tangpi tangta thahna.
(ii) Mipi te lungsim leh pumpi gentheih natsakna.
(iii) Tangpi tangta, mihon khenkhat te i pumpi nuntakna siatna ding ngimna tawh na sepna:
(iv) Nau suksiatna :
(v) Naupang te pimangna (kidnapping= gukmangna) te huam kha hi.
Hih mun ah minam khat, namphung (minam tawm) biakna khatpeuh a vekpi in ahi zongin, sehkhen khat ahi zongin suksiatna leh suksiat ding ngimna a gen nuam ahi hi.
Nambup beimang ding a thahna in leitung bup tawh kisai khialhna (International Crimes) hi a, a palsat mimal, kumpi leh pawlpi te thusit in thaman piakding ahi hi. Hih bang khialhna neite a kituak thaman a kipiak theihna dingin gam kumpi te in UN ah a kisam huhna ngen thei ding hi.
2. Siamsinna munah khentuamna langpanna laipi (Convention against Discrimanation in Education)
Hih laipi in minamte a dingin a mau pianken kampau leh lai tawh pilna a sin theihna ding uh lampi honsakna ahi hi. Naupang khat pen naupang dangte tawh tan kikim in siamsinna neisak ding hi. Siamsinna kibatna in minam tawmte khantohna lam ah masuan theihna ding kongpi ahi hi.
3. Minam vai khentuamna namkim beina ding tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipi
International Convention on the Elimination of all form of Racial Discrimanation -ICERD) Gam kumpi in hih laipi (ICERD) ah letmat a thuh khit uh ciang in minam muh siatna (huatna) a piangsak thei ding lunggel upna, kammal te leh na sepna te pen khialhna (crimes) a ciapteh ding mawhpuakna nei uhhi. Tua mah bangin minam te kikal ah ki-itna, kitheih siamna te a khan na ding lam tuamtuam tawh pan a lak ding uh mawhpuakna nei uh hi.
4. Suahtakna ngah gamte sung a tualsuak minam leh namphung te tawh kisai thukimna laipi (Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal people in Independent Countries- CITIC) Namphung (minam tawm) te in gamkhat sung a mihing honpi tawh kisai (te i sehkhen khat) a hih uh hangin a maute i ngeina, pu leh pa tawndan, kampau te pen gambup huamsung a om minam te tawh kibang lo hi. Hih laipi zui in leitung bup thukham nuai ah minam tawh kisai mimal deihtel khensat theihna (self-determination) pen a mau te a ding in zat phal hilo hi.
Tualsuak minam (Indiginous people) i cih in :
(i) Gamkek buluhte tunma hun, tang lai hun a kipan tua mun a teng minamte:
(ii) A mau leh a mau gamkek buluh te o’pkhumma hun in minam (picing) khat a kingaihsun mite:
(iii) Kua mah peuh i vaihawm khumna thuaklo a kingaih sun mite:
(iv) A maute i ngeina, ngeina paizia (ngeina thukham) te a kipan thu khenzia te a mau tenna mun leh mual a kizat suakna ding in khangthakte tungah thu kiluah suksak mite; ci’n kilet khia hi.
Leitang vai buaina:
Leitung bup ah tualsuak minamte tuahkhak (phutkhak) buaina in leitang vai ahi hi. Pupa gou leh gamh leitangte khahsuahna, tanglai pek a kipan a neih det uh leisung gamsung sumpiang van supnate hang in tualsuak minam te’n nuntakna kisiatna, ngeina manthatna cih thu te phukha hamtang uh hi.
International Labour Organization (ILO- 196) ah a nuai a bangin gelh hi.
(i) Minam tawm (namphung) te leh mipi te a ding in leitang neih theihna:
(ii)A maute gam sung leikiak hauhsakna te venbitna theihna:
(iii)Tua minam te (A maute) mun leh mual suankhiatna (suhsakna) pan venna.
(iv) Thuneu thulian ah ngaihsutna kuppih ding in a maute zong sapna:
(v)Gamkek buluhna te pan a kilawm bang in venbitna leh gawtna piakding:
5. Minam, namphung, biakna, kampau tawh kisai minam tawmte mimal hamphatna thu tangko (Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to national (or) Ethinic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, 1992.
Hih laipi sung ah minam tawmte hamphatna a nuai a bangin kicing tak in ki gelh hi.
(i) Ngeina te lungkim tak a sepna:
(ii) Biakna upna te zuih theihna leh hilhtheihna
(iii) Kampau te suakta tak leh tangzai tak a zatna:
(iv) Mimal in ahi zongin, mihon in ahi zongin suakta tak a ten khopna, nawng kaisakna leh khentuamna te tawh kipelhna:
(v) Minam vai namphung (minam tawm) tawh kisai thute khensatna ah mun leh mual huam in ahi zongin, gambup huam in ahi zongin kihel theihna te ahi hi.
Gambup kumpi te in a nuai a thute panlakna ah makai ding hi.
(i) Minam tawm (namphungte) thukham mai ah khentuamna omlo in a kikim hamphatna tawh a maute hamphatna ngah theihna ding.
(ii) Minam tawm namphung ten in a mau gamtatna ah gamsung leh leitung bup san theihloh ding te sim loh a maute neih tuam ngeina tawisang theihna ding:
(iii) Minam tawm namphung te pianken kampau te hoihtak a sin theihna ding gelsakna:
(iv) Minam tawm namphung te tangthu khanggui, lai leh ngeina tawh kisai siamsinna te sinna, pholhkhiatna te ah panpihna:
(v) Minam tawm namphung te gambup khantohna ah mong (kiu) khat ah a kihel theihna ding uh lampi honsakna te ahi hi.
6. Vienna Thu tangko:
“Gam kumpi te in leitung bup thukham zui in khentuamna omlo leh kikimna thuguipi bulphuh in tualsuak minam te hamphatna leh mungpi suahtakna te zahtakna ding gelna nei in a ki banglo a maute ngeina leh mihon kivai puakna manphatna te zahtak sak ding hi.” Article-20
7. A lal kawikawi nasem mite leh a mau innkuan i hamphatna te venbitna ding tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipi (International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrants Workers and Members of their Families)
Hih laipi sungah ICCPR sung a om hih a nuai a thute kip kho sak hi. Tua te in:-
(i) Mipi leh tangpi tangta in gamsung pan nawh khiatna pan venbitna:
(ii) Minam khentuamna omlo in khasum leh thaman, na sepna munte a kibang piakna:
(iii) Nasep thaman sum, van leh a khawlsum te uh a mau te kipatna gam ah khak theihna:
(iv) Mundang gamdang tung nasem mite ngeina tuam neihna te pen zahtak sakna cih te ahi hi.
Theihding: Hih laipi pen kipsakna ding a kisam gamte i thukimna kingah nailo ahih man in hihna nei nailo hi. (kizang nailo hi.)
ICCPR laipi i Article – (28-53) sung te in mihing hamphatna komiti (HRC) i zuih ding thukham leh ukna nei kumpi te vaihawm ding zia a nonel in kilak (gelh) khia ban ah laipi dongta (state parties) gamte in mihing hamphatna tawh kisai thu pulakna piakzia ding te kigelh hi.
Theihding: Hih thute pen Kathryn English leh Adam Stapleton te i gelh “The Human Rights Handbook,1997” cih laibu pan ki tei khia ahi hi
