Mihing Hamphatna Khutzat bulpi
Agelh~Khansuan T. Guite
Mihing hamphatna (human rights) i cih in bang hiam?
Hamphatna (rights = hamphatna cin kizang hi.) i cih in ngah theihna, sep theihna, neih theihnate ahi hi.Tua hamphatna te i zatna ah midang te hamphatna sukha lo ding (or) khaktan lo ding ciang bek zang thei ding hi. Cih nopna in mikhat i hamphatna dingah midang te in mawhpuak na nei hi.
Hamphatna in mihingte kisapna zui in kikhen khia thei hi. Tua kisapna i cihpen nopsakna, hauhsakna leh nuntakna ding a, a lo theilo a kisam te ahi hi. Nang pen gam khat sunga teng mihing khat nahih manin na ngah dinga kilawm hamphatna te ngah theihna na nei hi. A hih keileh thukham (Law = thukham ci’n kizanghi.) zui in na ngen thei hi.
Mihingte hamphatna pen thukham zui in na ngenthei hi ci’n na gen hi. Tua ahih leh mihing hamphatna in thukham i sehkhen khat ahi hiam? Hi mah hi.
Bang thukham i sehkhen a hia leh?
Leitung bup mihing hamphatna tawh kisai thukham (International Bill of Human Rights) i sehkhen ahi hi. Tua thukham sungah zong leitung bup mihing hamphatna thuguipi te a bultu pen ahi hi. Leitung gam tampi te in a mau gamsung thukhunpi (constitution = thukhunpi ci’n kizang hi.) leh thukham sungah mihing hamphatna thuguipi te gelhlut in vengbitna nei uhhi. Tua banah kumpi tampi te in “a mau gamsung mipi te hamphatna leh suahtaknate zung kipna ding in” mihing hamphatna tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipite ah letmat thuh (signature= letmat thuhna ci’n kizang hi.) in vengbit uhhi.
“Suahtakna” i cih in “hamphatna” tawh kibang ahi hiam?
Thukham or thukhunpi zui in ci leng kibang mah hi. Bawlsiatna (torture= bawlsiatna ci’n kizang hi.) pan suahtakna pen bawlsiatna thuaklohna ding in gamtat ding teeltheihna ding tanvo i nei hi.
Banghang in hih thukhamte pen leitungbup in thupi sak in theihpihna (recorgnition = theihpihna ci’n kizang hi.) nei ciat hiam?
Ahang pen mihing hamphatnate khuavannuai tangkona (Universal Declarition of Human Rights-UDHR) kam honna ah teltak in kimu thei hi. Tua in “a kiluah suk mihing vang (dignity= vang ci’n kizang hi.) leh mihing khempeuh i ngah ding hamphatna te thukim theihpihna in mihing te i suaktakna, thuman diktatna(justice) leh kilemna te tulpi a hih” cih ahi hi. Mihing hamphatna te nelhsiahna leh zahtak lohna (simmawhna) in hai gamtatna a hihna honglak hi.
Thukhualna, lungduaina tawh pilvang tak a nasep ding a genbehna ah:-“Hiamgamna leh nengniamna te pan suahtakna ding in lam tawpna ah mihing te in a lothei lo a sisan naisan tawh a gilo ukcipna doding dinmun a tun ma in mihing hamphatna te thukham tawh vengbit huai hi” cih ahi hi.
Hih thukham kizat zawh hun bang tan sawt ta hiam?
A huampi in cileng hun sawt pi paita hi. Ahi zongin leitung galpi nihna (Japan gal a Zomi te theih) ciang dong lai tawh kician tak a gelhna om nailo hi. Leitung galpi nihna bei leitung bup minam kipawlna (United Nation Organiztion,UNO) kiphuh khit 1948 December 10 ni in Leitung bup minam kipawlna thucinsai Innpi (UNGA= ci’n a tom in kizang hi.) in mihing hamphatnate khuavannuai tangkona (UDHR) hong suah khia a, tua in mihing hamphatna leh suahtakna tawh kisai laisung a kigelh masa pen ahi hi.Gamkhat peuh UNO ah dongta gam (state party= dongta gam ci’n kizang hi) in a lutkhit nak leh hih thupuan sunga thute zahtak leh zuih ding mawhpuakna nei ahi hi.
Kua teng in hih hamphatna te nei hiam?
Nang zong na nei hi. Ken zong ka nei hi. Mihing khempeuh in zong a nei hi. Hih in leitung bup tawh kisai hi a, numei pasal, mizawng mihau, mivom mikang (ci leh sa), biakna nei leh neilo khempeuh in zong tua hamphatna te nei ciat uhhi. Mihing khempeuh in a kikim tek in i neiciat hi.
Ahi zongin mi pawlkhat in khat veivei midangte hamphatna zahtak saklo in thagum zang in hai gamtat thei uhi. Tua bang hun ciangin a maute a kikim hamphatna piaktak lo hi i ci thei diam?
Mihing khempeuh a kikim hamphatna tawh suakkhia tek i hi hi. Bang na sem in, koi mun ah om mah leh tua hamphatna te kisuh khiatsak theilo hi. Paih khiat theih hilo hi. Mihingte tawh khenkhiat theih hilo hi. Mihing hamphatna te palsat, mi gilote in thukham mai ah thuman tak leh kicing takin thusitna thuak ding hi. Tuabang thusitna ah khialhna nei a thu khensatna a om mateng midik in kiciamteh ding hi. A zenzen in khialhna nei in thu khensatna a om khit ciangin zong etphatkikna (appeal) ngen thei lai ding hi. A zenzen in kolbulhna (arrest) a thuak leh zong mihing vang’ kiamsak lo ding ciang bek in kolbulh ding hi. A maute in hih hamphatna te ngah uh ahihman un tua hamphatna te a zahtak ding uh ahi hi.
Hamphatna zahtak ding na cih in bang gen nahi hiam?
Mihing hamphatna te zahtak ding i cihciang in “tua mi’ pilna, siamna leh maitang zahtak na hilo in mihing ahihna, man neih sakna” ahi hi. Ahi zongin “hih mite bawlsia gawp ing; tua mi nu ka sual gawp hi” a ci mi khat hamphatna banghang in zahtak sak ding i hihiam?
Amah zong mikhat ahi hi. Mi khempeuh thukhen zum in khialhna nei ahih lam a lahkhiat ma hun teng midik a san ding ahi hi. Tua bang i santheih khit ciang bek in khialhna a neih leh neihloh thu kisit thei pan hi. Tua ahih manin mi khempeuh a suakta leh a kicing in mipi mainuai ah sittel ding kisam hi. Tua mahbang in khialhna nei cih kitel tak a kimuh khiat leh zong thukham bek zui in thaman piak ding ahi hi. Hih in thukham vaihawmna (rule of law= thukham vaihawmna ci’n kizang ding hi) i deihna bul ahi hi.
Hih bang a sepna pen kicing sa keng. Kei deihna ah bel “mit tang khat man ding in mit tang khat” in thuk kik nuam ing. Hi mah hi.
Khialhna neite in mawhna thaman piakna leh thu khenna thuak ding uhhi. Bangbang i sem zong in thukham zui a vai i hawm ciang in hehna (or) thiikthu tawh sep ding kilawm lo hi. Thukham i cih in thuman thudik ngahna ding a thudotpi panpihtu ahi hi. Tua bang a sepna ah a lang tuak un thu dotna leh a mau gamtatna tawh kisai thu hilhna pia thei tuak ding hi. Khat veivei tua bang na sepna ah kipsakna ngahna ding haksat hun (or) gamsung vai ah tua bang na sepding a piak loh hun te ah thu khensatna bawlna ding hun sawtpi kisam thei hi. Ahi zongin kicing tak a kisit thu hi a, thuman leh diktak a thu khensatna kingah veve hi.
Tanh kikimna (equality =tanh kikimna ci’n kizang hi.) na cih in bang gen nuam nahiam?
“Tan kikimna” in hamphatna hi i cih theih hangin leitung a om thuneihna (power) khatpeuh in tui bangin luang khawmsak thei omlo hi. (Balzac)
Eite khempeuh in kilamdanna i nei ciat hi. Mi khat in mel leh puam khat tek i nei hi. U’kna leh kivakna, siamna zong a tuamciat i nei hi. “Keisang in tai na hatzaw mai thei hi. Kei zong nang sangin kanteh kan ka hatzaw mai thei hi.” Tua hi a, eite pen kikim hang i cithei diam? Kici theilo hi.
“Eite pen lamkhat ah i kikim hang in lamkhat ah kilamdang i hihna mihing hamphatna in hong hilh cian hi.” (Former UN-GS Boutros Boutros Gali thugenna, UNGS.)
Mihing hamphatna te in kikimna lamkhiatna ding hilo hi. Khat leh khat kibat lohna te ah kikhen tuamna om lohna ding venna ahi hi. Nang tuate nam hiteh, tua biakna bia hiteh’ cih thu tawh kikhen tuamlo ding hi. Mihing hamphatna thukham te in mizawng mihau khentuam lo hi. Gentehna-Khualmi nasem in zong tualmi nasem mite bang in a kibang nasep ah a kikim thaman ngahthei ding hi. Tua mahbang in numei te zong pasal te tawh a kikim hamphatna nei uhhi.
A hihhang in numei khat i mawhpuak in innsung kepcing ding bek hilo ahi hiam?
Minam tampi te i ngeina ah hihthu pen numei te zuihding paizia bang in ngaihsun uhhi. Azenzen in numei khat in inn sungah a ma utna tawh om in a ma ut nate sepna in a ma aituam hamphatna ahi hi. A mahin vakkhia in a pua lamah pasal te tawh thaman kikim ngahna ding na a sep ut leh zong a ma hamphatna ahi hi. Tua bang hamphatna te ngahna ding lampi honsak ding pen gam kumpi te mawhpuak ahi hi.
Kumpi te mawhpuakna cih leh ka phawk thu in gam kumpi te’n a mau ukna gamsung ah a mau deihna bang in nasem thei uhhi. Gamdang kumpi te zong a mau gamsung vaibek sai ding in leh midang te gamsung vai ah kikau si phumlo ding in gen thei uh hilo hiam?
Gam khat’ kumpi te’n a mau gamsung ah a mau deihna tawh a vaihawmna uh pen gam khat’ thuneihna sang pen (sovereignty) kici hi. Tua in gam khat leh gam khat kikal ah gamgi leh gamleivai (politics) tawh kisai suahtakna te kizahtak saktuahna ahi hi. Hih mun ah gamdang te gamsung vai ah “va ki kausi phum” cih leh “kumpi khat in a ma gam sungah a ut bang in nasepna te tungah midangte (gamdangte) kawkmuh vauhilhna” cih kammal bel kilam dang hi.
Mimal khatsim tungah kumpite sepding mawhpuaknate nagen hi. Tua thute lakah kumpi te in santheihna (or) nialtheihna a nei uh hiam?Ku mpi khat in a gam mite tungah bangci gamtat hiam cih pen tuhun leitung bup zuih thukhamte tawh enkak in khinkhai leng lunglut huai thu ahi hi. 1993 kum Vienna khuapi a kinei leitung bup mihing hamphatna khawmpi ah UN- thuzeekpi lui Boutros Ghali in hih a nuai a bangin gen hi. “Mimal khatsim i lungmuanna (or) bitna in zungkip a khaktheih na’ng tui buak dingin leitung bup mi honpi (International cumminity) in a huampi a, a upthu uh bel kumpi te ahi hi. Tuabang upna zui in kumpi ten a seploh uh ciangin leitung bup ah buaina piang hi. Kumpi te in mimal khatsim vengbit tu a hih nawnloh uh ciangin a maute pen (mimal khatsim) haksatna pia tu suak uhhi. Tuabang mawhpuakna a semlo kumpite’ taksapna onghu ding in leitung bup mihonpi in mawhpuakna nei hi.”
UN-thuzeekpi in a thugenna ah hih anuai a bang in ngetna bawl thukhupna nei hi.
“Ukcik kumpi (dictator) te in thuneihna sangpen cihkam mal meilet in numei pasal leh naupangte i suahtakna, hamphatnate suksuksiatna ding vanzat in a neih uh leh tua thuneihna sangpen kici in khang tangthu i mawhsakna thuakding hi cih a manthu kagen nuam hi.”
Tua bang ahih leh kim leh pam a thupiang cizat huai gamtatna te beina ding leitung mi honpi in sem zo lo ahi hiam?
Leitung mi honpi (international community) i cih pen gamsung leh gam pua a mimal metna ding leh phattuamna ding a gam tampi kipawlna ahi hi. A tangpi in cileng gamdang khat i vai ah va kikausi phumlut ding thupi sa masa khollo uhi. Ahi zongin tua gamte ah gamsung mihing hamphatna te a hoihzaw a ciaptehna a ngahna dingun tawsawn theizel uhhi. Lampi kizong lel lai khat in gamkhat sungah gammi te tunga mihing hamphatna palsatnate a beisiang na dingin gamdang khatpeuh in bang lampi zang ding cih ahi hi. Leitung bup thukham sungah palik (police) leh galkap te tung a kihilna (effect / imply) neizo ding thukhen zum om nailo hi.
Mihing hamphatna palsatna (violation) leh khialhna (crimes) bang ci kilam dang ahi hiam?
A nihtuak in gitlohna ahi hi. Khialhna i cih pen mikhat (or) mihon in mihing hinna a siasak thei gamsung thukham palsatna ahi hi. Mihing hamphatna suksiatna i cih ciangin gam vaihawm kumpi te nuai a om palik, galkap leh thuneitu khatpeuh in mimal (or) mihon te hamphatnate khaktanna sepna ahi hi.
Gamsung mipite in khialhna a bawl uh ciangin thukham zui in man in thukhen zum ah thusitna thuak uhhi. Gamkhat i kumpi te in mihing hamphatna te a suksiat uh ciangin kua in a maute man in thusit ding hiam? Thukhen zum in semding hi.
Bang ci e? Thukhen mangpi te’n gamsung lukhaipi (president) thusit in thukhen khum ding maw?
Hi hi, Tua bang in a kisep theihna ding in gamkhat i thuneihna sangpen te ahi; vaihawm theihna (executive power), thukham khawnbawl theihna (legislative power) thukhen theihna (judicial power) ci’n tuam khen ding kisam hi. Hibang hun ciangin gambup thuneihna pen mimal khat (or) mi pawl khat bek tungah kigawm nawnlo in mi khempeuh thukham khutnuai tung ding hi. Hih pen democracy vaihawmna a dingin a thupi pen paizia leh tehkakna thugui ahi hi.
Ken zong tua hamphatnate nei ing i ci nuam ciat hangin tua te’n zung khazo kei in, zong zangthei tuan kei leng bang metna om nawn ding hiam? A zenzen in kumpi ten tua mihing hamphatnate amau deih bangin hong palsiat sak leh bang cih ding?
Kumpite in mihing hamphatna tawh kisai ciaptehna ah minhoih ngah ding damdam in hong phawk panta uhhi. Mihing hamphatna ciaptehna (record) siatna hangin kumpi te’n buaina tampi tak tuakkha hi cih leitung kumpi te’n teltak in thei uhhi. Gamkhat i lim leh mel susia banah minam dangte tung ah maimial sak hi. Sum leh pai zonna zong lamphok sak hi.
Hihbang a pianna thute lak ah khat in mipite in thukham zui in i hamphatna te bang teng hiam cih a theihloh man uh ahi hi. Tua hang mah in kumpi te’n zong kiukhat pan in kipeng sak theihna ding kongvang khat ngah uhhi. Tua hi a, Vienna khuapi leitung bup khawmpi ah:- “Mihing hamphatna kan unla, theita un, ngen un, veng bit un” ci’n kitang ko hi.
Tua nong dawnna pen gamleivai (politics= gamleivai in kizang hi) tawh kisai lua hi. Kei bel gamleivai lunglut keng. Ko bel kumpi te ka cih uh ciangin mizawng tagahte nek leh dawn pia ding misiangtho bang in kakoih uhhi. Ahi zongin mizawng tagah leh gam mite’n nek leh dawn hong pia un ci’n kumpite kiang kanget uh ciangin gambup thuneihna (state power) susia nuamte ci’n hong ngawh uhi.
Mihing hamphatna hang a piang buainate in gamleivai buaina ahi hi. Gambup kumpite leh mimal khatsim kizopna zong huam khahi hih laibu sung a thusunte in leitung bup thukimna laipi te sung a mipi leh gamleivai hamphatna tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipi (International Covenant of Civils and Political Rights) tawh kisai laipi ahi hi. Lamkhat pan cileng thukham paizia tawh kisai hamphatna te ahi hi. Nang mah i nuntak theihna, suahtakna leh lungmuanna te tawh kisai hamphatna te in a kisupelhem theilo hamphatna hi a, thukham phalna omlo a matna, kulhkhumna, a guk a pimangna (kidnapping) leh thahna te dalna ding thukham tawh kisai hamphatna te ahi hi. Tua hamphatna te zahtak ding kumpi te tung nanget ciang in gamlei vai zui a ngetna bawlna hi gige hi.
A zenzen in gamkhat sung ah patau linglawng hun (emergency period), gambup bitna susia thei ding hun ah kumpi te’n na bang ci sep ding hiam? Mipi te tung ah a piaksa suakta tak a pulak theihna leh a dang hamphatna te khaktan sak thei ding hiam?
Hihbang hun te ah mimal khatsim i hamphatna te vaulauna a thuak diak hun ahi hi. Leitung bup thukham sung a om bang in kumpi khat in patau linglawng hun pulak thei hi. A kisap mahmah leh hamphatna pawl khat pen tawlkhat sung zuukkik thei hi. Khaktan thei hi. Ahi zongin hamphatna pawlkhat bang ci bang hun peuh ah zukkik thei, khaktan thei lo hi. Tua te in mikhat i vang suksiatna satna gawtna tawh kipelhna dingte ahi hi.
A zenzen in sisan suah gamhtatna (terrorism) a sem mikhat in bomb thang akam khit teh mat tuak hi. Ahi zongin thudotna ah tua bomb thang a kamna mun gen nuam kei leh thuman muh khiatna ding a palik te’ gawtna pen kilawm mawhlo hi lo hiam?
Bawlsiatna (torture), ciziat huai gawtna (or) mihing bang lo a gawtna (or) mawhna thaman piakna te pen thukham pansan in gen leng bangcik hun peuhah thuman hi ci’n paulap kizong theilo hi. Tua mah bang in thupiak (order) om bang a kasep hi ci’n kuamah kithalep khia theilo hi.
Nakpi tak a mihing hamphatna palsiatna khenkhat ah “gamphat tuamna ding”, “gam leh nam itna hang” cih bang peuh in maiphaw thuah in minvawh thei uhi. Pawl khat leuleu in “Mipi te phattuam na’ng”, “upna zuihna ding” cih bang peuh in minvawh meilet in zui lai uh hi. Gam kumpi te i nengcipna, gakcipna leh ukcipna, bawlsiatna te selna ding in maiphaw (mask) in zang uhhi.
Galvan tawi a kumpi langdo mite’ cizat huai gamtatna leh hiamgamhnate bang na cih muh a? Hih bang cizat huai gamtatnate zong mihing hamphatna palsiatna mah hilo hiam?
Galvan tawi a kumpi langdo mite in gamleivai ngimna (political aims) thu leh la khat peuh paulap in mimal khatsim tungah cizat huai tak in a gamtatna uh zong mihingte nuntakna theihna mungpi hamphatna (fundamental rights) palsat ahi hi. Siangtak in cileng hih bang palsatna zong thuneihna len kumpite palsatna tawh kilam danglo hi.
Mihing hamphatna te lak ah koipen in bultu pen in thupi pen ahi hiam?
A bultu pen, a thupi pen (a masa a nanung) kikhen khia thei tuamlo hi. A hangin tua hamphatna te a vek in khat leh khat kizom tuah vek a kiteng khia thei tuamlo hi. UN dongta gam khempeuh in mihing hamphatna te tawisangna ding kamciamna nei khin ciat uh hi.
UN General Assembly i ngaih dan leh muhna ah “Mihing hamphatna khempeuh tawisanna ding leh vengbitna na sepna ah a dang mihing hamphatnate tawisang nading (or) vengbitna ding te pan lampial na, sem zo keng ci a paulap zonna te pen gam kumpi te in sem thei lo ding hi.”
Nitumna lam gamte (Western nations) in leitung mun khempeuh ah mihing hamphatnate thunlut teitei uh hi lo ahi hiam? Mihing hamphatna pen nitumna lam gamte i bawl khiat hilo hi. Tuamah bangin nitumna lam gamte i tawi khaina (tehkakna) zong hituan lohi. Hih hamphatnate pen leitung bup a om biaknate leh ngeina te ah kimu thei hi. Mun khat leh khat, gam khat leh khat kikal ah bel kilamdan na leh kituamna bel om zek thei kha mah in teh.
Hih laibu sung ah sum bawlna, khotang hinkhua leh ngeina hamphatna tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna laipi (International Covenant of Economics, Social and Culture Rights) sang in mipi leh gamleivai hamphatna tawh kisai leitung bup thukimna (ICCPR) thute holim zaw ding na ci hi. Gentehna in “Kei ka gilkial hi, ka tano zong damlo in zato kah pih ding kisam hi. Ka pasal zong nasep neilo in sum muhna omkei leh ngaihsutna te suakta tak a pulak khiat theihna cih gamleivai hamphatna sang in sumbawlna vai hamphatna te kumpi te tung ah nget ding kilawm zaw lo hiam?”
Mimal khatsim i sum bawlna tawh kisai hamphatnate nget theih mah hi. A kilawm a kituak mihingte hamphatna ding a kiphuh khia cimawh huhna munpi (relief department) cih bang pawlpi te kiangah i kisapnate ngahna ding va ngetna zong suakta tak a genkhiat theihna khat ahi hi. Gam pawlkhat in sum leh pai hauhsakna khantohna ding in mipite i gamleivai hamphatna pawlkhat khaktan ding ngaihsutna gen uhhi. Hih pen mihing hamphatna kongkiu vang pan enleng thu kimpih theihloh hi. Ukcip kumpi gam pawlkhat in gam lam kikna ding a kisam khantohna (devolopment) paulap in mipi te hamphatna pawl khat khaktan thei uhhi. Khantohna i cih ciangin sum leh pai, neih leh lam bek gen ding hilo hi. Mimal khatsim i suahtakna, thuman thutanna om kei leh mi honpi zong khang to hi, kici theilo ding hi. Gamleivai hamphatnate khakcip a sum leh pai bek tawh khantohna in “luita khan” bangin sawt daihlo hi. Hamphatna khempeuh khat leh khat pen khivui bang in kizom ditdiat in kibeel tuah ciat uhi.
Kumpi te’n mipite nung ngatsan in deihna ngen mipite man in bawlsia le uh bang cih ding?
Kumpi te’n mipite nungngat san in deihna ngen mipite ngetna (deihna) te humcip, palsat ding kalkhat a suan uh pen thumanlo ukcipna ahi hi. Tua bang a sepna uh hangin a mau leh a mau mipi deih vaihawmtu (uktu) a hihna uh khahsuah uhi.
……………………zop lai ding.
