CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT CHAMPIONS MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. PHAWKNA: KING' KITHAH KHIT ZAW 50 KHIT NUNGIN MEMPHIS.
April 4: Martin Luther King Jr. pen January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, US a piang hi. King pen American Baptists pastor leh activists hi a, Mahatma Gandhi in Britishte ukna panin India gam suahtakna dingin a zat non-violent leh civil disobedience zangin civil rights movement na makaih hi. Kum 39 bek a phak in April 3, 1968 in Memphis khuapi-a Walter Bailey' Lorraine Motel (hotel) Room No. 306 booking a, tua hotel ah a om lai-in 6:01 p.m., April 4, 1968 in second floor balcony ah James Earl Ray in thau tawh va kap a, St. Joseph's Hospital ah emergency chest surgery a kibawl hangin 7:05 p.m in kum 60 sung America ah civil right movement om sung kum 13 kihelin a makaih Martin Luther King Jr. (King a kici zaw) nuntakna bei ta hi.
A sih ma Dec. 1963 panin a sih dong civil rights a makaih manin FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover in King' civil rights movement betdaihna dingin ama mimal ngiatin surveillance (encik) bawl dingin order pia a, Vietnam War langpangin a gensiat manin National Security Agency (NSA) secret operation code-named "Minaret" zangin King leh Vietnam War langpang American uliante communication monitored (etciksak) uh hi.
A sih ma deuh 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee, US ah King thum vei va zin hi. A zin masakin March 29 in AFSCME Local 1733 represent - black sanitation workers ten kiphinna (strikes) King in a gupna thu gen hi. Hih banga kiphinna pen March 12 panin black sanitation workers ten nitha khan'na ding leh a kilim bawl zawkna ding uh ngetna tawh kiphinna a pat uh hong nasia hi. Black street repairmen kici mivom nasemte khuasiat manin kiciah kiksak a, naikal nih bek a nitha uh kipia napi mikang nasemte full day payment (nitha a kim in) a kipiak manin kiphinna nasia takin hong piang hi.
Memphis ah a zin kik a nih veina in kiphinna nei a lampi zuihna neite kitualvatna (riots) tawh kikhen uh ahih manin non-violent activist ahih manin a min hoihna ngahsate minsiatna a ngahna hong suak hi. A thum veina dingin April 3 in Memphis ah a zin kikin amah thatpa' thautang hangin King in Memphis ah hankuang (coffin) nusiatsan hi.
Black sanitation workers ten stike (kiphinna) pen February panin kipan uh a, nitha tamzaw, nasepna dinmun leh hoihzaw, zahtakna lianzaw deih in, ngen uh hi. Sanitation workers-te van nin puakna mawtaw (rubbish truck) accident hangin mi nih a sih hangin Memphis Mayor Henry Loeb in worker's union leh a ngetna ciamtehsak nuam loin thudon lo hi. Memphis khuapi sunga nasemte leh khuapi kitelsiam lohna leh buaina (tensions) laizang pen mivom leh mikang kideidantuamna hang hi a, economic impact hang zong ahi hi. Mikangte nitha sangin mivomte nitha tawmzaw ahih manin mivomte nuntakna hamsa zaw hi.
King in hih thute gen ding hi. King' biographer gelh Taylor Branch in King in saupi ading a ngimna pen mikangte leh mivomte zawn'na (poverty) beisakna dingin "Poor People's Campaign" p[at ding lunggulh hi ci hi. King' model pen 1930s in a pat "The Bonus Marchers" - World War I veterans (galkap pension khinsate) Washington, DC ah military life panin civilian life ah kilaihna ding deihin lungphona a neih uh bulpuh hi.
"The Bonus Marchers (lam zuite) ten US gam laih zo lo uh hi. Ahih hangin kum 12 khitin mipi ten galkap hong ciah kikte adingin GI Bill a ngahna ding uh leh tua bill bawl ding gen hong kipan uh hi. Hih GI Bill pen American middle class ten siamsinna;pilna leh sepna (education, jobs) a ngah theihna dingun kalbi (step) lianpi suaksak hi," ci-in Branch in ci hi. "King in in 'Poor People's Campaign" kipan leh American mite lungsim leh GI Bill kibawlna dingin motion kipan ding hi ci-in a kibatpih (analogy) ding lamen ing. King in hih buaina gen ding hanciam napi semkhia man lo hi," ci-in Branch in ci hi.
King' biography a gelh manin Pulitzer Prize ngah leh King' sih ma kuan sung a thupiangte new documentary "King in The Winderness" kici ah co-executive producer Branch in King pen a nuntakna a bei kuanin US in tona tuamtuam a dote - Vietnam War, racism leh poverty cihte US in a deih lohna tawh a to ngamna dingin huh hi ci hi. King' vision pen thu buaihuai (controversial) ahih manin King' kithuahpih activists ten King' ngaihsutna pen val lua hi ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Tua thu hangin mikangte tampi in King gum uh hi ci-in Branch in ci hi.
*King in civil rights deih a lam zuihna neite kiangah Aug. 28, 1963 in Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC, ah ah a thugen, "Sunmang Ka Nei Hi" (I Have a Dream) a cih in mi' lungsim lawngkha mahmah hi. "I Have a Dream" cih thulu zangin hih bangin thu gen hi:
"Ka lawmte aw, tu ni leh zing ciangin haksatna tampi i nawk ding ihih manin ken hih bangin tu ni-in kong gen hi. Sunmang ka nei veve lai hi. Ka sunmang pen American sunmang thuk mahmah sungah zung kha hi. Ka sunmang sungah ni khat ni ciangin hih gam hong dingto in zing nisuak bangin hong suak ding a, ci leh nam khiatna dik tawh nungta ding hi. Hih thuman i letcipte pen amah leh amah thuman tawh lahna nei-in kitel hi: 'mi khempeuh kikim hi'. Ni danga sila kem Georgia mual tung sante a tengte tate leh sila nei tote tate ni khat ni ciangin sabuai khat ah unau bangin tukhawm ding uh hi cih sunmang ka nei hi. Thuman lohna tawh tawh a sa heha Mississippi state nangawn ni khat ni ciangin nencipna tawh tawh a satna hong dai ding a, suahtakna leh thumanna sehnel gam-a tuisik phulna state hong suakin lungkim ding hi cih sunmang ka nei hi. Ni khat ni ciangin a vun hangun ka ta lite tungah thu kikhen lo ding a, a gamtat dan uh tawh kituak bangin thu kikhen ding hi cih sunmang ka nei hi. Racists suuk mahmahna Alabama nuai dong ah, Alabama governor in a muk tawh kilemna thugen in, phiat dingte phiat in, mivom numeino leh pasalnote leh mikang pasalte leh a sanggam uh mikang numei leh pasalte tawh khut kilenkhawm ding uh hi. Tu ni-in sunmang ka nei hi."
Martin Luther King' sih khit nungin black American Luther King' makaihna tawh mivom ten a do leh a nget uh Civil Rights Act of 1964 kici July 2, 1964 in ngah pan uh hi. Congress in United States Constitution Article One (section 8 ah) US citizens khempeuh in Fourteenth Amendment nuai-ah thukham bangin mi khempeuh a kibanga humbitna (equal protection) leh Fifteenth Amendment nuai-ah a voting rights uh humbitsak ding hi cih tuangsak hi. Hih thukham (Act) pen White House ah US President Lyndon B. Johnson in dan/thukham (law) a suah theihna dingin on July 2, 1964 in suai kai hi.
"1965 kum bul lai-a opinion poll ah Americans a tamzaw ten, 'Black Americans mite sau pai lua uh hi. Mivomte tam kipia lua hi. 1964 Civil Rights Act i pia hi. Voting Rights Act i pia hi,' ci uh hi," ci-in Branch in ci hi. "Tua bang ngaihsutna hong ciah kik hi. Tua ahih leh white rights bang hi hiam? Civil right black Americans ten a ngah hangun white rights hong kilak sak hiam? Tua bang politics khaici kituh a, tu dong kituh lai hi. Tua bangin tu ni dongin ki-om lai hi ci-in ka ngaihsun hi," ci-in Branch in ci hi.
Martin Luther King Jr.' sih kum 50 hita napi tu-in Memphis khuapi leh Shelby County kiim teng Civil Rights Movement hun lai bangin buaina a tuahte un ngim lai hi. 1968 khit nungin black median income ngah a kim khat (half) hi a, white median income ngah kilaihna om lo hi cih new report ah kimu hi. Shelby County a mivomte naupangte zawn'na (poverty) nuai-a om 48.3% hi a, mikang naupangte 9.4% ah om uh hi. Analysis dang panin a kimuhna ah US khuapi million khat val teenna khuapite lak panin Memphis khuapi sunga tengte a zawng pen hi a, racial leh ethnic group a kiciamte a zang penna khuapi hi cih kimu hi.
King' sih khit nungin a neu lai-in mikangte sanginn ah mivomte sangkah theih loh ding "segregated school" practice (minam kikhenna) kici hangin Topeko, Kansas ah a neu lai-in mikangte sanginn ah a kikahsak nuam loh manin khua dang tai tampi a elementary school ah kah kum 76 mi Linda Brown kici March 25, 2018 in si ta hi. Linda Brown' pa in tua banga segregated school practice deih loin court ah 1954 in "Brown vs Board of Education ruling" kici heek hi. Supreme Court in school a segregation pen thukham tawh kituak lo hi ci-in thukhen hi. Linda Brown' sih ma deuhin Sacramento police ten "break-in" dingin a upmawh uh mivomte kum 22 mi thau tawi lo Stephon Clark kici in a i-Phone a tawi police ten thau ding sa-in police nih in minute 10 sungin thau tawh 20 vei kap in kaplum uh a, lungphona nasia takin piang hi. Stephon Clark pen South Sacramento ah a inn kiangte inn kibuluh in a kisuksiat manin "vandalism complaint" kibawl a, amah dingin ki-ummawh hi. Thau tawi lopi upmawh thu tawh kikaplum ahi hi.
US gam ah mivomte milip pen 13% bek hi. 2017 in US police ten mi 1,229 a kaplupte lakah 23% mivomte hi. Police officers ten white suspect (upmawh) mite a mat;kinawktuah ciangun a nuntakna uh a lauhna uh khat hi a, African-Americans mite a lauhna thum hi. 1954 in "Brown vs Board of Education ruling" case ah US Supreme Court in sanginn a segregation pen thukham tawh kituak hi ci-in thukhenna a bawl hangin 37% American school pen single race (minam khat bek) - all-white phial ahih kei leh all-minority hi lai ta zen hi. New York khuapi-ah 90-100% singgle race school om a, mivomte thum lakah nih bek sangkah uh hi.
Los Angeles a University of California a "Civil Rights Project" study in a muhna ah May 2016 in hih bangin ci hi: "Segregate non-white school ah mikangte a kah (white enrolment) 0-10% bek om a, data kum 25 kikemte etna panin a leh thum valin Supreme Court in 1991-2007 kikal limited desegregation policy thukhenna a bawl khitin khang hi. African-American leh Latino-American student minamte leh zawnna (poverty) double segregation a khan'na dalna dingin gam mi ten hih segretation khan'na a thudon ding uh kingen hi" ci hi.
A beisa kum 50 in King a kikaplum ma-in Memphis biakinn ah a thugen nunung pen in hih bangin gen hi: "I gam leh minam (nation) cina hi. Biaina i gam ah om hi," na ci hi. King in a sih ma-in Memphis biakinn ah a thugenna tu dong mikang ten white supremacist leh racist (mikangte tungnung leh thupi pen minam hi cih upna leh minam deidantuammna) a neih uh paikhia thei lo uh ahih manin tu dong hih buaina in America lawi lo hi. Gualgen minthang US gam piankhiatna dingin 1492 in Christopher Columbus in West Indies tuikulh a va muh khiat khit nungin tualsual mi Native American minamte siahsuahna dingin "ethnic cleansing leh genocide" na pan pah ngekngek uh a, Native American mite 100 million na lom that mang uh hi.
America gam pen LST leh Pasian bulphuh a kisatkhia gam hi peuhmah lo a, minam siansuah, lom thahna, African mite sila a neihna (slavery) tawh bawlsiat leh simmawhna, leitung gam tuamtuam ah inter-ethnic conflict, inter-sectarian conflict leh tualgal pian'sakna tawh America gam bitna ding, kisatkhiatna ding leh hauhsatna piang hi zaw hi. White American ten a white supremacist leh racism lungsim uh a paihkhiat mateng uh America ah bitna leh muan'na piang ngei lo ding a, kuamah in Kristian man bangin mu thei ngei lo ding hi. Martin Luther King Jr. in "I Have a Dream" a cih white Americans ten Kristian hihna man leh manphatna (Christian values) leh American Founding Fathers lak-a kihel leh American president 3na Thomas Jefferson in in American Revolution kipat cil lai-in Declaration of Independence, 1977 dingin a gelh, (Pasian' muhna ah) Mihing khempeuh kikim a kibawlin kipiangsak hi," cih a pom ciang bek un America ah "segregation, racism" bei ding a, King' in Sunmang Ka Nei Hi a cih tangtung pan ding hi. America mikangte Khristian ngia tuuvun silh a bat lai teng uh King' sunmang tung ngei lo ding bang lai hi.
Martin Luther King Jr.' kammal hoih:
*Khuaphialep; keekia (lighting) in a den'na mun a deng mateng ging lo hi."
*“Mi khempeuh in a hoih lam a phattuam dingin amah leh amah a kizahtak bangin gamtat khuahei dan kilawm leh kituak tawh mi dangte a zahtakna dingin khuavak lampi ahih kei leh angsung ding bek khualna hangin siatna mialna lampi ah a pai ding khat zawzaw teel dingin a khensat kisam hi."
*"Teembaw (ships) tuamtuam tawh pai ihih hangin tu-in gunkuang (boat) kibang khat sunga tuangkhawm ihi ta hi."
*"Ngaihsutna hoih nei mite telsiamna dai (thuk lo) pen ngaihsutna hoih lote neite thu telkhialhna sangin siahuai zaw hi."
*"Mi khat sawtpi a nuntak sangin, a nuntakna a hoih leh a man nei-in a zat poimawh zaw hi."
*"Galte lawm a kaih zawhna dingin thahatna kisam omsun itna bek hi."
*"Itna letcip ding khensatna ka nei hi. Muhdahna leh huatna vangik puak dingin gik lua hi."
*"A mialna mun bekah aksi vaak (lim takin) na mu thei hi."
*"Bang sihpih ding ka hi hiam cih thei lo mite in bang hanga nunta ka hi hiam cih theitel zo lo uh hi."
*"Mun khatpeuh ah thuman lohna a om leh mun khempeuh ah thuman om theihna dingin kihtakna leh lauhuaina piangsak hi."
"Muhdahna/huatna muhdahna mah tawh i thuk kik ciangin muhdahna khangsak a, aksite om lohna nitak mialsak semsem hi. Khuamial in khualmial hawlkhia thei lo a, khuavak bekin khuamial hawlkhia thei hi. Huatna (muhdahna) in huatna (muhdahna) hawlkhia thei lo a, itna bekin hawlkhia thei hi."
References:
Al Jazeera (Memphis, 50 years after Martin Luther King Jr's assassination by Rosiland Jordan); The New York Times March 28 "20 Shots in Sacramento: Stephon Clark Killing Reignites a Furor"; "Segregation lives, 50 years after King" by Varghese George, Washington @ The Hindu; Civil Right Act of 1964 - Wikipedia
Zolai tawh a kaikhawm: Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs